script082

题目

注：题目来源于 SHELL25 nginx日志分析3-统计访问3次以上的IP 。

假设 nginx 的日志我们存储在 nowcoder.txt 里，格式如下：

192.168.1.20 - - [21/Apr/2020:14:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.21 - - [21/Apr/2020:15:27:49 +0800] "GET /2/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.22 - - [21/Apr/2020:21:27:49 +0800] "GET /3/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.23 - - [21/Apr/2020:22:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.24 - - [22/Apr/2020:15:27:49 +0800] "GET /2/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.25 - - [22/Apr/2020:15:26:49 +0800] "GET /3/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.20 - - [23/Apr/2020:08:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.21 - - [23/Apr/2020:09:20:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.22 - - [23/Apr/2020:10:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.22 - - [23/Apr/2020:10:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.20 - - [23/Apr/2020:14:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.21 - - [23/Apr/2020:15:27:49 +0800] "GET /2/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.22 - - [23/Apr/2020:15:27:49 +0800] "GET /3/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.25 - - [23/Apr/2020:16:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.24 - - [23/Apr/2020:20:27:49 +0800] "GET /2/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.25 - - [23/Apr/2020:20:27:49 +0800] "GET /3/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.20 - - [23/Apr/2020:20:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.21 - - [23/Apr/2020:20:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.22 - - [23/Apr/2020:20:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.22 - - [23/Apr/2020:22:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"
192.168.1.21 - - [23/Apr/2020:23:27:49 +0800] "GET /1/index.php HTTP/1.1" 404 490 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:45.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/45.0"

现在需要你写脚本统计访问 3 次以上的 IP，你的脚本应该输出：

6 192.168.1.22
5 192.168.1.21
4 192.168.1.20

脚本一

首先使用 awk 命令获取文本行的第一列，即 IP 地址列；然后使用 sort 命令排序；uniq -c 命令去重并统计每个 IP 地址的出现次数；再使用 awk 命令筛选出现次数大于 3 的 IP 地址；最后使用 sort 命令按照降序排列。

awk '{print $1}' nowcoder.txt | sort | uniq -c | awk '{if($1>3) print $1,$2}' | sort -nr

脚本二

使用关联数组来完成，将每行的 IP 地址及出现次数存储到关联数组中，再筛选出出现次数大于 3 的 IP 地址。这些都通过 awk 命令完成。

awk '{map[$1]++} END{for(k in map){if(map[k]>3){print map[k],k}}}' nowcoder.txt | sort -nr

脚本三

下面是脚本二的 shell 编程实现，实现原理也是通过关联数组，上面的是使用 awk 命令的简化版。

#!/bin/bash

# 声明关联数组
declare -A map

# 循环读取文件中的每一行，将 IP 地址及其出现次数保存在关联数组中
while read line; do 
  # 提取 IP 地址
  ip=$(echo "${line}" | awk '{print $1}')
  # 存储 IP 地址的出现次数
  map["${ip}"]=$(( map["${ip}"] + 1 ))  
done < nowcoder.txt

# 循环遍历关联数组中的 IP 地址和出现次数
result=""
for k in ${!map[@]} ; do
  # 如果出现次数小于 3 则跳过不输出
  if [ ! ${map[$k]} -gt 3 ]; then
      continue 
  fi
  if [ -z "${result}" ]; then
      result="${map[$k]} ${k}"
  else
      result="${result}\n${map[$k]} ${k}"
  fi
done

# 打印结果并排序
echo -e "${result}" | sort -nr