3.3、环境变量
3.3.1、源端
[oracle@leo-11g-ogg:~]$ vi .bash_profile
添加如下：
export GG_HOME=/u01/app/ogg
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$GG_HOME
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
alias ggsci='cd $GG_HOME;ggsci'
[oracle@leo-11g-ogg:~]$ source .bash_profile
3.3.2、目标端
[oracle@leo-19c-ogg:~]$ vi .bash_profile
添加如下：
export GG_HOME=/u01/app/ogg
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$GG_HOME
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
alias ggsci='cd $GG_HOME;ggsci'
[oracle@leo-19c-ogg ~]$ source .bash_profile
3.4、数据库配置
3.4.1、源端
3.4.1.1、强制生成日志
sys@ORCL 2022-12-01 09:54:51> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
sys@ORCL 2022-12-01 09:55:01> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
YES
3.4.1.2、开启归档
[oracle@leo-11g-ogg:~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archivelog';
SQL> alter database open;
3.4.1.3、开启补充日志
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;
SUPPLEME
--------
NO
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;
SUPPLEME
--------
YES
说明：redo默认情况下只记录数据块改变的信息，其实它还可以记录更详细的信息，这些信息对第三方的容灾软件很重要，所以此处将supplemental log mode模式打开，oracle一般是用rowid来唯一标识一行记录，但goldengate需要主键等其他标识，所以要开附加日志.
3.4.1.4、开启enable_goldengate_replication
SQL> alter system set enable_goldengate_replication=true;
SQL> show parameter enable_goldengate
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
enable_goldengate_replication boolean TRUE
3.4.2、目标端
3.4.2.1、开启enable_goldengate_replication
SQL> alter system set enable_goldengate_replication=true;
SQL> show parameter enable_goldengate
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
enable_goldengate_replication boolean TRUE
3.5、创建用户、表空间及授权
创建goldengate数据库用户以及专属于ogg的表空间.
3.5.1、源端
[oracle@leo-11g-ogg:~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
create tablespace oggtbs datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/oggtbs01.dbf' size 50m autoextend on;
create user ogg identified by ogg default tablespace oggtbs;
grant resource to ogg;
grant create session, alter session to ogg;
grant select any dictionary to ogg;
grant flashback any table to ogg;
grant alter any table to ogg;
grant select any table to ogg;
grant execute on dbms_flashback to ogg;
grant all privileges to ogg;
grant dba to ogg;
3.5.2、目标端
[oracle@leo-19c-ogg ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
create tablespace oggtbs datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/SIMDB/oggtbs01.dbf' size 50m autoextend on;
create user ogg identified by ogg default tablespace oggtbs;
grant resource to ogg;
grant create session, alter session to ogg;
grant select any dictionary to ogg;
grant flashback any table to ogg;
grant alter any table to ogg;
grant select any table to ogg;
grant execute on dbms_flashback to ogg;
grant insert any table to ogg;
grant update any table to ogg;
grant delete any table to ogg;
grant dba to ogg;
3.6、准备数据
3.6.1、源端
新建用户并授予权限.
create user leo identified by leo;
grant connect,resource to leo;
grant select on scott.emp to leo;
grant select on scott.dept to leo;
create user alina identified by alina;
grant connect,resource to alina;
grant select on scott.salgrade to alina;
leo用户创建测试表，并增加主键.
SQL> show user
USER is "LEO"
create table lemp as select * from scott.emp;
create table ldept as select * from scott.dept;
alter table ldept add primary key (deptno);
alter table lemp add primary key (empno);
SQL> show user
USER is "ALINA"
create table asalgrade as select * from scott.salgrade;
alter table asalgrade add primary key (grade);
导出数据，用于目标端.
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
exp leo/leo@orcl file=/home/oracle/leo.dmp tables=ldept,lemp rows=y log=/home/oracle/exp.log
将源端的dmp文件scp到目标端
scp leo.dmp oracle@192.168.133.109:/home/oracle/
3.6.2、目标端
创建用户并授予权限
create user leo identified by leo;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to leo;
导入测试数据
[oracle@leo-deng ~]$ imp leo/leo file=/home/oracle/leo.dmp full=y statistics=none
验证测试数据
SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
LEMP TABLE
LDEPT TABLE
SQL> select count(*) from mydept;
COUNT(*)
----------
4
SQL> select count(*) from myemp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
4、OGG配置
4.1、源端
说明：必须在ogg的home目录下启动ggsci，这样才能把子目录建在ogg的home目录下，如果不在相应位置建立子目录，在后面编辑参数文件时会报错.
[oracle@leo-11g-ogg ogg]$ cd $GG_HOME
[oracle@leo ogg]$ ./ggsci
4.1.1、创建目录
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg) 1> create subdirs
Creating subdirectories under current directory /u01/app/ogg
Parameter file /u01/app/ogg/dirprm: created.
Report file /u01/app/ogg/dirrpt: created.
Checkpoint file /u01/app/ogg/dirchk: created.
Process status files /u01/app/ogg/dirpcs: created.
SQL script files /u01/app/ogg/dirsql: created.
Database definitions files /u01/app/ogg/dirdef: created.
Extract data files /u01/app/ogg/dirdat: created.
Temporary files /u01/app/ogg/dirtmp: created.
Credential store files /u01/app/ogg/dircrd: created.
Masterkey wallet files /u01/app/ogg/dirwlt: created.
Dump files /u01/app/ogg/dirdmp: created.
重要目录说明：
dirchk：存放检查点(checkpoint)文件
dirdat：存放trail文件
dirdef：存放通过defgen工具生成的源或目标端数据定义文件
dirpcs：存放进程状态文件
dirprm：存放配置参数文件
dirrpt：存放进程报告文件
dirsql：存放sql脚本文件
dirtmp：当事务所需要的内存超过已分配的内存时，默认存储在此目录
4.1.2、添加端口
4.1.2.1、源端配置
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg) 2> edit param mgr
添加
port 7809
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg) 3> start mgr
Manager started.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg) 4> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg) 2> dblogin userid ogg,password ogg
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 3> add trandata leo.*
2022-12-01 12:35:24 INFO OGG-15132 Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table LEO.LDEPT.
2022-12-01 12:35:24 INFO OGG-15133 TRANDATA for scheduling columns has been added on table LEO.LDEPT.
2022-12-01 12:35:24 INFO OGG-15135 TRANDATA for instantiation CSN has been added on table LEO.LDEPT.
2022-12-01 12:35:24 INFO OGG-15132 Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table LEO.LEMP.
2022-12-01 12:35:24 INFO OGG-15133 TRANDATA for scheduling columns has been added on table LEO.LEMP.
2022-12-01 12:35:24 INFO OGG-15135 TRANDATA for instantiation CSN has been added on table LEO.LEMP.
说明：数据库附加日志打开后还需要对每张表执行add trandata吗？
答案是肯定的，如果不执行add trandata，insert同步没有问题（ORACLE数据库），但在同步update或delete时，就会因为丢失主键报同步错误.
不开启表级的最小附加日志，update的redo信息不记录没有进行更新的字段信息，如主键不更新的话主键不记录在redo中，所以会导致同步失败.
4.1.2.2、目标端配置
提前在目标端添加mgr端口.
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg) 2> create subdirs
Creating subdirectories under current directory /u01/app/ogg
Parameter file /u01/app/ogg/dirprm: created.
Report file /u01/app/ogg/dirrpt: created.
Checkpoint file /u01/app/ogg/dirchk: created.
Process status files /u01/app/ogg/dirpcs: created.
SQL script files /u01/app/ogg/dirsql: created.
Database definitions files /u01/app/ogg/dirdef: created.
Extract data files /u01/app/ogg/dirdat: created.
Temporary files /u01/app/ogg/dirtmp: created.
Credential store files /u01/app/ogg/dircrd: created.
Masterkey wallet files /u01/app/ogg/dirwlt: created.
Dump files /u01/app/ogg/dirdmp: created.
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg) 3> edit param mgr
添加以下：
port 7809
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg) 4> start mgr
Manager started.
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg) 5> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
4.1.3、抓取进程
extract进程，负责从源端数据表或者日志中捕获数据.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 4> add extract exta,tranlog,begin now
EXTRACT added.
添加本地队列ra，exta进程捕捉到的有效数据将写入本地队列.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 5> add exttrail ./dirdat/ra,extract exta
EXTTRAIL added.
为exta进程配置参数
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 6> edit param exta
添加如下内容：
extract exta
userid ogg,password ogg
setenv (NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
exttrail ./dirdat/ra
dynamicresolution /* 优化参数，动态分析表结构
gettruncates /*抓取truncate table操作
table leo.*;
4.1.4、投递进程
源端数据库配置投递过程.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 7> add extract dp1,exttrailsource ./dirdat/ra
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 8> edit param dp1
添加如下：
extract dp1
userid ogg,password ogg
setenv (NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
passthru
rmthost 192.168.133.109,mgrport 7809
rmttrail ./dirdat/ra
table leo.*;
--添加远程trail文件.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 9> add rmttrail ./dirdat/ra,extract dp1
RMTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (leo-11g-ogg as ogg@orcl) 10> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT STOPPED DP1 00:00:00 00:03:45
EXTRACT STOPPED EXTA 00:00:00 00:08:13
GGSCI (leo) 6> start dp1
Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT DP1 starting
GGSCI (leo) 7> start exta
Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT EXTA starting
GGSCI (leo) 8> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT RUNNING DP1 00:00:00 00:04:26
EXTRACT RUNNING EXTA 00:38:56 00:00:04
4.2、目标端
[oracle@leo-deng ~]$ cd $GG_HOME
[oracle@leo-deng ogg]$ ./ggsci
4.2.1、添加checkpointtable
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg) 1> edit params ./globals
添加如下
checkpointtable ogg.checkpoint
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg) 2> dblogin userid ogg,password ogg
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg as ogg@simdb) 2> add checkpointtable ogg.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table ogg.checkpoint.
4.2.2、复制进程
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg as ogg@simdb) 3> add replicat repa,exttrail ./dirdat/ra,checkpointtable ogg.checkpoint
REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg as ogg@simdb) 4> edit param repa
添加如下：
replicat repa
setenv (NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
userid ogg,password ogg
numfiles 500
grouptransops 10000
handlecollisions
assumetargetdefs
allownoopupdates
dynamicresolution
discardfile ./dirrpt/repsa_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
map leo.*, target leo.*;
说明：逗号与target之间需用空格隔开, ogg.checkpoint中的ogg为之前创建的用户.
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg as ogg@simdb) 5> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT STOPPED REPA 00:00:00 00:02:16
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg as ogg@simdb) 8> start repa
Sending START request to MANAGER ...
REPLICAT REPA starting
GGSCI (leo-19c-ogg as ogg@simdb) 9> info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT RUNNING REPA 00:00:00 00:00:00
5、验证数据
--源端向ldept表中插入一条数据.
sys@ORCL 2022-12-01 15:29:30> conn leo/leo
Connected.
leo@ORCL 2022-12-01 15:29:35> select * from ldept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
leo@ORCL 2022-12-01 15:29:45> insert into ldept values (50,'IT','ChongQing');
1 row created.
leo@ORCL 2022-12-01 15:30:03> commit;
Commit complete.
--目标端验证.
SQL> select * from ldept
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
50 IT ChongQing
ogg基本配置完成.
总结：配置过程包括操作系统层面前期准备、源端目标端数据库配置、源端中mgr/extract/pump进程配置、目标端中mgr/replicat进程配置.配置过程要保持数据库开启状态，否则ggsci中用户不能登录.
