命令格式：
tar[必要参数][选择参数][文件]
参数说明
$ tar -h
第一个选项必须是模式说明符:
-c Create -r Add/Replace -t List -u Update -x Extract
Common Options:
-b # Use # 512-byte records per I/O block
-f <filename> Location of archive
-v Verbose
-w Interactive
Create: tar -c [options] [<file> | <dir> | @<archive> | -C <dir> ]
<file>, <dir> add these items to archive
-z, -j, -J, --lzma Compress archive with gzip/bzip2/xz/lzma
--format {ustar|pax|cpio|shar} Select archive format
--exclude <pattern> Skip files that match pattern
-C <dir> Change to <dir> before processing remaining files
@<archive> Add entries from <archive> to output
List: tar -t [options] [<patterns>]
<patterns> If specified, list only entries that match
Extract: tar -x [options] [<patterns>]
<patterns> If specified, extract only entries that match
-k Keep (don't overwrite) existing files
-m Don't restore modification times
-O Write entries to stdout, don't restore to disk
-p Restore permissions (including ACLs, owner, file flags) 实例操作
# 新建一个临时目录$ mkdir tmp && cd tmp# 新建3个文件$ touch file{1,2,3}.txt
$ lsfile1.txt file2.txt file3.txt# 1、打包（并非压缩）$ tar -cvf file.tar *.txt
a file1.txt
a file2.txt
a file3.txt
$ lsfile.tar file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt# 2、查看包内文件$ tar -tvf file.tar
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:21 file1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:21 file2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:21 file3.txt# 3、向现有打包文件中添加新文件$ touch file4.txt
$ tar -rvf file.tar file4.txt
a file4.txt
$ tar -tvf file.tar
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:21 file1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:21 file2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:21 file3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 0 QMP admin 0 5 16 20:22 file4.txt# 4、当前目录下解压文件$ tar -xvf file.tar
x file1.txt
x file2.txt
x file3.txt
x file4.txt
$ lsfile.tar file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt# 指定解压目录，需要先新建目录，如果没有则会报错：目录不存在$ mkdir file$ tar -xvf file.tar -C filex file1.txt
x file2.txt
x file3.txt
x file4.txt
$ lsfile file1.txt file3.txt
file.tar file2.txt file4.txt# 进入目录查看解压后的文件$ cd file$ lsfile1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt 
