Laravel-表单篇
第1章 Controller 介绍
1、Request
2、Session
3、Response
4、Middleware
1、Request
Laravel请求使用的组件是symfony/http-foundatio
请求中存放了
$_GET
$_POST
$_COOKIE
$_FILES
$_SERVER
获取请求中的值
判断请求类型
/**
* 请求url
* http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/list?name=Tom
*/
// 取值
$request->input('name');
// Tom
// 取值，设置默认值
$request->input('age', 'default');
// default
// 判断是否有值
$request->has('name');
// true
// 取出所有参数
$request->all();
// { ["name"]=> "Tom" }
// 获取请求类型
$request->method();
// GET
// 判断请求类型
$request->isMethod('GET');
// true
// 判断是否为ajax请求
$request->ajax();
// false
// 判断路由格式
$request->is('student/*');
// true
// 获取当前url
$request->url();
// http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/list
2、Session
HTTP协议无状态 Stateless
Session提供一种保存用户数据的方法
支持多种session后端驱动：
Memcached、Redis、数据库
默认使用file的Session驱动
配置文件：config/session.php
启用Session中间件
Route::group(['middleware'=>['web']], function (){
Route::get('student/list', 'StudentController@list');
});
使用方式
1、Request类session()方法
2、session()辅助函数
3、Session facade
使用示例
// 1、HTTP request
$request->session()->put('key', 'value');
$request->session()->get('key');
// 2、session()
session()->put('key', 'value');
session()->get('key');
// 3、Session
Session::put('key', 'value');
Session::get('key', 'default');
// 以数组的形式存储
Session::put(['key' => 'value']);
// 放到Session数组中
Session::push('key', 'value1');
Session::push('key', 'value2');
// 从Session中取数据，取出就删除
Session::pull('key', 'value');
// 取出所有值
Session::all();
// 判断存在
Session::has('key');
// 删除指定key的值
Session::forget('key');
// 清空
Session::flush();
// 暂存数据，第一次访问的时候存在
Session::flash('key', 'value');
3、Response
常见响应类型：
1、字符串
2、视图
3、Json
4、重定向
// json
$data = [
'code': 0,
'data': ['name' => 'Tom'],
'msg': 'ok',
];
return response()->json($data);
// 重定向，
Route::get('student/list', [
'as' => 'list',
'uses' =>'StudentController@list'
]);
return redirect('student/list');
// 携带Session快闪数据
return redirect('student/list')->with('key', 'value');
// action
return redirect()-action('StudentController@list');
// route
return redirect()-route('list');
// 返回上一页面
return redirect()-back();
4、Middleware
Laravel中间件提供一个方便的机制来过滤进入应用程序的HTTP请求
步骤：
新建中间件
注册中间件
使用中间件
中间件的前置和后置操作
使用示例
需求：
活动开始前只能访问活动的-介绍页
活动开始后可以访问活动的-活动页
1、新建中间件
app/Http/Middleware/Active.php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;
class Active
{
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
if (time() < strtotime('2019-11-01')) {
return redirect('student/index');
} else{
return $next($request);
}
}
}
2、注册中间件
app/Http/Kernel.php
namespace App\Http;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
class Kernel extends HttpKernel
{
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'active' => \App\Http\Middleware\Active::class,
];
}
3、使用中间件
app/Http/Controllers/StudentController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
function list(Request $request)
{
return '活动页';
}
function index(Request $request)
{
return '介绍页';
}
}
routes/web.php
// 活动开始前可以访问活动首页
Route::get('student/index', 'StudentController@index');
// 活动开始后才能访问活动列表页
Route::group(['middleware'=>['active']], function (){
Route::get('student/list', 'StudentController@list');
});
前置操作：请求执行前
后置操作：请求执行后
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;
class Active
{
// 前置操作
public function handleBefore($request, Closure $next)
{
if (time() < strtotime('2019-11-01')) {
return redirect('student/index');
} else{
return $next($request);
}
}
// 后置操作
public function handleAfter($request, Closure $next)
{
$response = $next($request);
echo '后置操作';
return $response;
}
}
第2章 Laravel表单
1、静态资源管理及模板布局
2、表单列表及分页实现
3、通过表单实现新增及操作状态提示功能
4、表单验证及数据保持详解
5、通过模型处理性别
6、通过表单实现修改
7、表单中查看详情及删除
完整代码
1、配置数据库
.env
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=data
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=123456
2、配置路由
routes/web.php
Route::get('/', [
'uses'=> 'StudentController@index'
]);
Route::any('create', [
'uses'=> 'StudentController@create'
]);
Route::post('save', [
'uses'=> 'StudentController@save'
]);
Route::any('update/{id}', [
'uses'=> 'StudentController@update'
]);
Route::any('detail/{id}', [
'uses'=> 'StudentController@detail'
]);
Route::any('delete/{id}', [
'uses'=> 'StudentController@delete'
]);
3、Model
app/Student.php
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Student extends Model
{
// 定义常量
const SEX_NULL = 0;
const SEX_BOY = 1;
const SEX_GIRL = 2;
// 指定表名
protected $table = 'student';
// 指定主键
protected $primaryKey = 'id';
// 自动维护时间戳字段
public $timestamps = true;
// 指定允许批量赋值的字段
protected $fillable = ['name', 'age', 'sex'];
// 自定义保存时间戳格式
public function getDateFormat()
{
return time();
}
// 解决 Call to a member function format() on string
public function fromDateTime($val)
{
return empty($val) ? $val : $this->getDateFormat();
}
// 不自动格式化时间戳
protected function asDateTime($value)
{
return $value;
}
public function getSex($key = null)
{
$arr = [
self::SEX_NULL => '未知',
self::SEX_BOY => '男',
self::SEX_GIRL => '女',
];
if ($key !== null) {
return array_key_exists($key, $arr) ? $arr[$key] : $arr[self::SEX_NULL];
} else {
return $arr;
}
}
}
5、控制器
app/Http/Controllers/StudentController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Student;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class StudentController extends Controller
{
function index(Request $request)
{
// 分页每页数量
$students = Student::paginate(20);
return view('student/index',
['students' => $students]
);
}
function create(Request $request)
{
if ($request->isMethod('POST')) {
// 数据验证
// 1、控制器验证
// 通过会继续执行
// 未通过会重定向到上一页面，抛出异常，错误信息存储到Session
// $this->validate($request, [
// 'Student.name' => 'required|min:2|max:20',
// 'Student.age' => 'required|integer',
// 'Student.sex' => 'required|integer',
// ], [
// 'required' => ':attribute 为必填项', // 占位符
// 'integer' => ':attribute 必须为整数',
// 'min' => ':attribute 长度不符合要求',
// ], [
// 'Student.name' => '姓名',
// 'Student.age' => '年龄',
// 'Student.sex' => '性别',
// ]);
// 2、Validator验证
$validator = \Validator::make($request->input(), [
'Student.name' => 'required|min:2|max:20',
'Student.age' => 'required|integer',
'Student.sex' => 'required|integer',
], [
'required' => ':attribute 为必填项', // 占位符
'integer' => ':attribute 必须为整数',
'min' => ':attribute 长度不符合要求',
], [
'Student.name' => '姓名',
'Student.age' => '年龄',
'Student.sex' => '性别',
]
);
if ($validator->fails()) {
// 数据保持
return redirect()->back()->withErrors($validator)->withInput();
}
$data = $request->input('Student');
// 需要设置模型批量赋值字段
if (Student::create($data)) {
return redirect('/')->with('success', '添加成功');
} else {
return redirect()->back();
}
} else {
$student = new Student();
return view('student/create', [
'student' => $student
]);
}
}
function save(Request $request)
{
$data = $request->input('Student');
var_dump($data);
$student = new Student();
$student->name = $data['name'];
$student->age = $data['age'];
$student->sex = $data['sex'];
if ($student->save()) {
return redirect('/');
} else {
return redirect()->back();
}
}
function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$student = Student::find($id);
if ($request->isMethod('POST')) {
$data = $request->input('Student');
$student->name = $data['name'];
$student->age = $data['age'];
$student->sex = $data['sex'];
if ($student->save()) {
return redirect('/')->with('success', '修改成功-' . $id);
}
} else {
return view('student/create', [
'student' => $student
]);
}
}
function detail(Request $request, $id)
{
$student = Student::find($id);
return view('student/detail', [
'student' => $student
]);
}
function delete(Request $request, $id)
{
$student = Student::find($id);
if($student->delete()){
return redirect('/')->with('success', '删除成功-' . $id);
}
}
}
6、视图
(1)公共布局
resources/views/common/layouts.blade.php
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document - @yield('title')</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ctyun.cn/portal/link.html?target=%2Fcss%2Findex.css">
</head>
<body>
@section('header')
<div>
<h1>学生管理</h1>
</div>
@show
<div class="main">
<div class="container">
@section('left')
<p><a href="https://www.ctyun.cn/portal/link.html?target=%7B%7Burl%28'/')}}" class="{{Request::getPathInfo() == '/'? 'active': ''}}">学生列表</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.ctyun.cn/portal/link.html?target=%7B%7Burl%28'/create')}}" class="{{Request::getPathInfo() == '/create'? 'active': ''}}">添加学生</a></p>
@show
</div>
<div class="container">
@include('common/message')
@section('right')
主页
@show
</div>
</div>
@section('footer')
<div>
@2019
</div>
@show
</body>
</html>
（2）消息组件
resources/views/common/message.blade.php
<div>
@if(Session::has('success'))
{{ Session::get('success')}}
@endif
@if(count($errors))
<p>{{$errors->first()}}</p>
@endif
{{-- @if(count($errors))--}}
{{-- @foreach($errors->all() as $error)--}}
{{-- <p>{{$error}}</p>--}}
{{-- @endforeach--}}
{{-- @endif--}}
</div>
（3）首页
resources/views/student/index.blade.php
@extends('common/layouts')
@section('right')
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>创建日期</th>
<th>修改日期</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach($students as $student)
<tr>
<td>{{$student->id}}</td>
<td>{{$student->name}}</td>
<td>{{$student->age}}</td>
<td>{{$student->getSex($student->sex)}}</td>
<td>{{date('Y-m-d', $student->created_at)}}</td>
<td>{{date('Y-m-d', $student->updated_at)}}</td>
<td>
<a href="https://www.ctyun.cn/portal/link.html?target=%7B%7Burl%28'update', ['id'=> $student->id])}}">修改</a>
<a href="https://www.ctyun.cn/portal/link.html?target=%7B%7Burl%28'detail', ['id'=> $student->id])}}">详情</a>
<a href="https://www.ctyun.cn/portal/link.html?target=%7B%7Burl%28'delete', ['id'=> $student->id])}}"
onclick="if(confirm('确定删除')===false)return false;">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
@endforeach
</tbody>
</table>
{{ $students->render() }}
@stop
（4）详情页
resources/views/student/detail.blade.php
@extends('common/layouts')
@section('right')
<table>
<tr><th>id</th><td>{{$student->id}}</td></tr>
<tr><th>姓名</th><td>{{$student->name}}</td></tr>
<tr><th>年龄</th><td>{{$student->age}}</td></tr>
<tr><th>性别</th><td>{{$student->getSex($student->sex)}}</td></tr>
<tr><th>添加日期</th><td>{{date('Y-m-d', $student->created_at)}}</td></tr>
<tr><th>修改日期</th><td>{{date('Y-m-d', $student->updated_at)}}</td></tr>
</table>
@stop
（5）编辑页
resources/views/student/create.blade.php
@extends('common/layouts')
@section('right')
<div class="form">
<form action="" method="post">
{{csrf_field()}}
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{$student->id}}" />
<p>
<label for="name">姓名</label>
<input id="name" name="Student[name]" type="text"
value="{{old('Student')['name'] ? old('Student')['name']: $student->name }}" >
<span class="error">{{$errors->first('Student.name')}}</span>
</p>
<p>
<label for="age">年龄</label>
<input id="age" name="Student[age]" type="text"
value="{{old('Student')['age']? old('Student')['age']: $student->age }}">
<span class="error">{{$errors->first('Student.age')}}</span>
</p>
<p>
性别
@foreach($student->getSex() as $key=> $val)
<label>
<input id="sex-man" name="Student[sex]" type="radio" value="{{$key}}"
{{(old('Student')['sex'] ? old('Student')['sex']: $student->sex) === $key? 'checked': ''}}
>
{{$val}}
</label>
@endforeach
<span class="error">{{$errors->first('Student.sex')}}</span>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</p>
</form>
</div>
@stop
（6）css文件
public/css/index.scss
body {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
}
.main {
display: flex;
width: 100%;
.container {
border: 1px solid #DDDDDD;
a {
text-decoration: none;
padding: 3px 5px;
&:link, &:visited {
color: #1b1e21;
}
&:active {
color: #1b1e21;
}
&:hover, &.active{
color: #FFFFFF;
background-color: #DDDDDD;
}
}
.form{
.error{
color: red;
font-size: 12px;
}
}
}
.pagination {
ul, li {
list-style: none;
}
display: flex;
li {
background-color: #DDDDDD;
color: #FFFFFF;
padding: 3px 5px;
margin: 0 5px;
}
}
}
第3张 总结
Request
Response
Session
Middleware
最终效果
1、首页
3、详情页
