0 前言
网络信息是电脑网络信息安全检查中的一块重要内容，Linux和基于Linux的操作系统，提供了很多的网络命令，今天我们研究tracepath命令。
Tracepath 在大多数 Linux 发行版中都是可用的。如果在你的系统中没有预装，请根据你的发行版使用下面的命令进行安装。
Windows中没有tracepath命令。
1 tracepath命令 的功能、格式和选项说明
1.1 tracepath命令 的功能
tracepath命令的功能是追踪数据包的路由信息，它可以追踪并显示数据包到达目的主机所经过的路由信息，以及对应的MTU值。
tracepath 与 traceroute 类似，用于确定数据包访问目的地所经历的路由路径。
Tracepath 特别适用于没有 root 权限的用户，因为它不需要特权即可运行。
1.2 tracepath命令 的格式
跟ping命令一样，我们可以使用 tracepath 或 tracepath -?命令获取ping命令的格式信息。 tracepath不支持 --?选项。
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath
Usage: tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l <len>] [-p port] <destination>
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath -?
Usage: tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l <len>] [-p port] <destination>
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath --?
tracepath: invalid option -- '-'
Usage: tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l <len>] [-p port] <destination>
[purpleendurer @ bash ~]
tracepath [-n] [-b] [-l <最大路径长度>] [-p 端口号] <目标域名或IP地址>
1.3 tracepath命令选项说明
与ping命令相比，tracepath的命令不算多。
不过不同版本的Linux提供的tracepath命令选项不尽相同。
|
选项 |
说明 |
|
-n |
输出数字格式的地址 |
|
-b |
输出回程路径 |
|
-l 最大路径长度 |
设置最大路径长度 |
|
-m 最大TTL值 |
设置查询的最大TTL值 |
|
-p 端口号 |
设置UDP端口号 |
|
-V |
显示版本信息 |
2 tracepath命令实例
2.1 tracepath
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: 26.10.178.42 2.037ms
1: 26.10.178.42 2.238ms
2: 11.73.57.238 1.986ms
3: 11.73.37.65 1.852ms
4: 11.73.49.81 3.004ms
5: 10.222.215.161 2.377ms
6: 10.54.171.129 3.831ms
7: 10.102.154.246 4.610ms asymm 6
8: no reply
9: no reply
10: 61.149.190.38 5.299ms asymm 9
11: no reply
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Too many hops: pmtu 1500
Resume: pmtu 1500
[purpleendurer @ bash ~]
命令返回信息中的PMTU （Path Maximum Transmission Unit，数据通信网络中发现路径最大传输单元）是优化网络性能的关键技术之一。PMTU决定了数据在网络中传输的最大数据包大小 。
2.2 tracepath -b ：输出回程路径
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath -b
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: 26.10.178.42 (26.10.178.42) 2.308ms
2: 11.73.56.206 (11.73.56.206) 1.952ms
3: 11.73.31.193 (11.73.31.193) 2.034ms
4: 11.73.48.73 (11.73.48.73) 2.678ms
5: 10.222.214.217 (10.222.214.217) 15.309ms
6: 10.54.171.141 (10.54.171.141) 3.707ms
7: 10.102.154.222 (10.102.154.222) 4.003ms
8: no reply
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10: 114.243.132.194 (114.243.132.194) 5.394ms asymm 9
11: no reply
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Too many hops: pmtu 1500
Resume: pmtu 1500
[purpleendurer @ bash ~]
2.3 tracepath -l 512 ：设置最大路径长度为512
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath -l 512
1: 26.10.178.42 2.625ms
2: 11.73.56.206 1.956ms
3: 11.73.37.161 1.943ms
4: 11.73.50.209 3.318ms
5: 10.222.214.241 3.257ms
6: 11.94.197.101 3.779ms asymm 7
7: 116.251.112.161 4.019ms asymm 6
8: no reply
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10: 114.243.132.194 5.299ms asymm 9
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Too many hops: pmtu 512
Resume: pmtu 512
[purpleendurer @ bash ~]
2.4 tracepath -p 80 ：使用UDP 80端口
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath -p 80
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: 26.10.178.42 2.337ms
1: 26.10.178.42 2.357ms
2: 11.73.56.78 1.909ms
3: 11.73.36.129 1.877ms
4: 11.73.43.185 2.385ms
5: 10.222.214.193 2.221ms
6: 10.54.171.221 3.892ms
7: 116.251.112.157 3.971ms asymm 6
8: no reply
9: 125.33.184.177 4.492ms asymm 8
10: 114.243.132.194 4.819ms asymm 9
11: no reply
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Too many hops: pmtu 1500
Resume: pmtu 1500
[purpleendurer @ bash ~]
2.5 tracepath -n ：输出数字格式的地址
[purpleendurer @ bash ~] tracepath -n
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: 26.10.178.42 2.073ms
1: 26.10.178.42 2.068ms
2: 11.73.57.174 1.826ms
3: 11.73.32.57 2.603ms
4: 11.73.52.81 2.285ms
5: 10.222.215.113 2.359ms
6: 10.54.171.141 3.860ms
7: 10.102.154.234 3.791ms
8: no reply
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10: 114.243.132.194 4.967ms asymm 9
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Too many hops: pmtu 1500
Resume: pmtu 1500
[purpleendurer @ bash ~]
