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CTyunOS 防止入侵的大杀器,你知道是哪个吗?

2025-07-03 09:49:45
0
0

一、黑客攻击就像半夜的小偷

你以为服务器很安全?防火墙开着、密码复杂、IP隐藏…但某天深夜,服务器突然卡死,CPU直接拉满——黑客早就进来转了一圈,而你却毫不知情!

“不是没防护,是压根没发现!”

入侵检测(IDS)就是你的"24小时保安",能在黑客搞破坏前及时拉响警报。今天我们就用国产CTyunOS,教你搭建简单又高效的防护系统。

二、CTyunOS:国产系统的安全王牌
CTyunOS是中国电信推出的企业级操作系统,政府、银行、大厂都在用。它自带"铜墙铁壁":

  • 内核级防护
  • 智能权限管理
  • 自动安全加固

但再好的锁也怕"钥匙"出问题(比如员工手滑输错命令,或者有人故意使坏)。

别担心!CTyunOS内置三大安全法宝:
✔️ 全流程监控:记录所有可疑操作
✔️ 文件保镖:核心文件被改立即告警
✔️ 日志审计:记录所有正常和异常行为

三、CTyunOS上的入侵检测手段有哪些?

要想在 CTyunOS上做好入侵检测,我们可以从以下二层入手:

1️⃣ 系统日志审计:用 auditd 抓行为日志

Linux 内核的审计子系统 auditd,可以记录文件访问、系统调用、用户行为等详细操作日志,是判断是否被“入侵”的关键证据源。

2️⃣ 实时行为监控:用 aide 监控文件被篡改

AIDE(Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment)可定期对系统关键文件、配置、权限等进行“快照”,并进行对比,一旦发现篡改,立马报警。

四、实战演练:在 CTyunOS上部署文件完整性检测

这里我们以 aide 为例,看看如何在 CTyunOS上实现最基础的入侵检测——文件完整性检测

安装命令:

初始化数据库(生成基准快照):

aide --init
mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz

配置规则(默认配置为/etc/aide.conf,可自定义监控路径):

/etc/aide.conf

# 示例规则
/etc  FIPSR
/bin  FIPSR
/usr/sbin  FIPSR

/boot   NORMAL
/bin    NORMAL

规则解释:

NORMAL是AIDE默认提供的检测规则组合,通常包含以下文件属性的检查:

  • 基础属性‌:权限(p)、索引节点(i)、链接数(n)、用户(u)、用户组(g)、文件大小(s)
  • 时间戳‌:修改时间(m)、创建时间(c)
  • 安全上下文‌:SELinux上下文(selinux)
  • 校验值‌:使用MD5(md5)或SHA1(sha1)等算法生成的文件哈希值‌
  • F:文件类型
  • I:inode变化
  • P:权限
  • S:文件大小
  • R:修改时间

DATA‌:仅检查文件内容(如哈希值),忽略属性变化,适用于日志等频繁变动的文件‌。

DIR‌:专用于目录的规则,侧重权限和结构‌。

LSPP‌:更严格的规则,包含ACL和扩展属性(xattrs)‌

 

定期执行检测(建议写入crontab):

aide --check

输出报告样式:

从这份清单你可以看出:哪怕你没被黑,这份清单也能提醒你哪些配置被误删、文件被改动。

 

附件:

/etc/aide.conf详细配置

/etc/aide.conf

[root@localhost x86_64]# cat /etc/aide.conf
# Example configuration file for AIDE.

@@define DBDIR /var/lib/aide
@@define LOGDIR /var/log/aide

# The location of the database to be read.
database_in=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.gz

# The location of the database to be written.
database_out=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.new.gz

# Whether to gzip the output to database
gzip_dbout=yes

# Default.
log_level=warning

report_url=file:@@{LOGDIR}/aide.log
report_url=stdout

FIPSR = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+sha256

# You can create custom rules like this.
ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger
# Everything but access time (Ie. all changes)
EVERYTHING = R+ALLXTRAHASHES

# Sane, with multiple hashes
NORMAL = FIPSR+sha512

# For directories, don't bother doing hashes
DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

# Access control only
PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl+selinux

# Logfile are special, in that they often change
LOG = >

# Just do sha256 and sha512 hashes
LSPP = FIPSR+sha512

# Some files get updated automatically, so the inode/ctime/mtime change
# but we want to know when the data inside them changes
DATAONLY =  p+n+u+g+s+acl+selinux+xattrs+sha256

# Next decide what directories/files you want in the database.

/boot   NORMAL
/bin    NORMAL
/sbin   NORMAL
/lib    NORMAL
/lib64  NORMAL
/opt    NORMAL
/usr    NORMAL
/root   NORMAL
# These are too volatile
!/usr/src
!/usr/tmp

# Check only permissions, inode, user and group for /etc, but
# cover some important files closely.
/etc    PERMS
!/etc/mtab
# Ignore backup files
!/etc/.*~
/etc/exports  NORMAL
/etc/fstab    NORMAL
/etc/passwd   NORMAL
/etc/group    NORMAL
/etc/gshadow  NORMAL
/etc/shadow   NORMAL
/etc/security/opasswd   NORMAL

/etc/hosts.allow   NORMAL
/etc/hosts.deny    NORMAL

/etc/sudoers NORMAL
/etc/skel NORMAL

/etc/logrotate.d NORMAL

/etc/resolv.conf DATAONLY

/etc/nscd.conf NORMAL
/etc/securetty NORMAL

# Shell/X starting files
/etc/profile NORMAL
/etc/bashrc NORMAL
/etc/bash_completion.d/ NORMAL
/etc/login.defs NORMAL
/etc/zprofile NORMAL
/etc/zshrc NORMAL
/etc/zlogin NORMAL
/etc/zlogout NORMAL
/etc/profile.d/ NORMAL
/etc/X11/ NORMAL

# Pkg manager
/etc/yum.conf NORMAL
/etc/yumex.conf NORMAL
/etc/yumex.profiles.conf NORMAL
/etc/yum/ NORMAL
/etc/yum.repos.d/ NORMAL

/var/log   LOG
/var/run/utmp LOG

# This gets new/removes-old filenames daily
!/var/log/sa
# As we are checking it, we've truncated yesterdays size to zero.
!/var/log/aide.log

# LSPP rules...
# AIDE produces an audit record, so this becomes perpetual motion.
/etc/audit/ LSPP
/etc/libaudit.conf LSPP
/usr/sbin/stunnel LSPP
/var/spool/at LSPP
/etc/at.allow LSPP
/etc/at.deny LSPP
/etc/cron.allow LSPP
/etc/cron.deny LSPP
/etc/cron.d/ LSPP
/etc/cron.daily/ LSPP
/etc/cron.hourly/ LSPP
/etc/cron.monthly/ LSPP
/etc/cron.weekly/ LSPP
/etc/crontab LSPP
/var/spool/cron/root LSPP

/etc/login.defs LSPP
/etc/securetty LSPP
/var/log/faillog LSPP
/var/log/lastlog LSPP

/etc/hosts LSPP
/etc/sysconfig LSPP

/etc/inittab LSPP
/etc/grub/ LSPP
/etc/rc.d LSPP

/etc/ld.so.conf LSPP

/etc/localtime LSPP

/etc/sysctl.conf LSPP

/etc/modprobe.conf LSPP

/etc/pam.d LSPP
/etc/security LSPP
/etc/aliases LSPP
/etc/postfix LSPP

/etc/ssh/sshd_config LSPP
/etc/ssh/ssh_config LSPP

/etc/stunnel LSPP

/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers LSPP
/etc/vsftpd LSPP

/etc/issue LSPP
/etc/issue.net LSPP

/etc/cups LSPP

# Ditto /var/log/sa reason...
!/var/log/and-httpd

# Admins dot files constantly change, just check perms
/root/\..* PERMS
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胡建忠
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原创

CTyunOS 防止入侵的大杀器,你知道是哪个吗?

2025-07-03 09:49:45
0
0

一、黑客攻击就像半夜的小偷

你以为服务器很安全?防火墙开着、密码复杂、IP隐藏…但某天深夜,服务器突然卡死,CPU直接拉满——黑客早就进来转了一圈,而你却毫不知情!

“不是没防护,是压根没发现!”

入侵检测(IDS)就是你的"24小时保安",能在黑客搞破坏前及时拉响警报。今天我们就用国产CTyunOS,教你搭建简单又高效的防护系统。

二、CTyunOS:国产系统的安全王牌
CTyunOS是中国电信推出的企业级操作系统,政府、银行、大厂都在用。它自带"铜墙铁壁":

  • 内核级防护
  • 智能权限管理
  • 自动安全加固

但再好的锁也怕"钥匙"出问题(比如员工手滑输错命令,或者有人故意使坏)。

别担心!CTyunOS内置三大安全法宝:
✔️ 全流程监控:记录所有可疑操作
✔️ 文件保镖:核心文件被改立即告警
✔️ 日志审计:记录所有正常和异常行为

三、CTyunOS上的入侵检测手段有哪些?

要想在 CTyunOS上做好入侵检测,我们可以从以下二层入手:

1️⃣ 系统日志审计:用 auditd 抓行为日志

Linux 内核的审计子系统 auditd,可以记录文件访问、系统调用、用户行为等详细操作日志,是判断是否被“入侵”的关键证据源。

2️⃣ 实时行为监控:用 aide 监控文件被篡改

AIDE(Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment)可定期对系统关键文件、配置、权限等进行“快照”,并进行对比,一旦发现篡改,立马报警。

四、实战演练:在 CTyunOS上部署文件完整性检测

这里我们以 aide 为例,看看如何在 CTyunOS上实现最基础的入侵检测——文件完整性检测

安装命令:

初始化数据库(生成基准快照):

aide --init
mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz

配置规则(默认配置为/etc/aide.conf,可自定义监控路径):

/etc/aide.conf

# 示例规则
/etc  FIPSR
/bin  FIPSR
/usr/sbin  FIPSR

/boot   NORMAL
/bin    NORMAL

规则解释:

NORMAL是AIDE默认提供的检测规则组合,通常包含以下文件属性的检查:

  • 基础属性‌:权限(p)、索引节点(i)、链接数(n)、用户(u)、用户组(g)、文件大小(s)
  • 时间戳‌:修改时间(m)、创建时间(c)
  • 安全上下文‌:SELinux上下文(selinux)
  • 校验值‌:使用MD5(md5)或SHA1(sha1)等算法生成的文件哈希值‌
  • F:文件类型
  • I:inode变化
  • P:权限
  • S:文件大小
  • R:修改时间

DATA‌:仅检查文件内容(如哈希值),忽略属性变化,适用于日志等频繁变动的文件‌。

DIR‌:专用于目录的规则,侧重权限和结构‌。

LSPP‌:更严格的规则,包含ACL和扩展属性(xattrs)‌

 

定期执行检测(建议写入crontab):

aide --check

输出报告样式:

从这份清单你可以看出:哪怕你没被黑,这份清单也能提醒你哪些配置被误删、文件被改动。

 

附件:

/etc/aide.conf详细配置

/etc/aide.conf

[root@localhost x86_64]# cat /etc/aide.conf
# Example configuration file for AIDE.

@@define DBDIR /var/lib/aide
@@define LOGDIR /var/log/aide

# The location of the database to be read.
database_in=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.gz

# The location of the database to be written.
database_out=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.new.gz

# Whether to gzip the output to database
gzip_dbout=yes

# Default.
log_level=warning

report_url=file:@@{LOGDIR}/aide.log
report_url=stdout

FIPSR = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+sha256

# You can create custom rules like this.
ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger
# Everything but access time (Ie. all changes)
EVERYTHING = R+ALLXTRAHASHES

# Sane, with multiple hashes
NORMAL = FIPSR+sha512

# For directories, don't bother doing hashes
DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

# Access control only
PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl+selinux

# Logfile are special, in that they often change
LOG = >

# Just do sha256 and sha512 hashes
LSPP = FIPSR+sha512

# Some files get updated automatically, so the inode/ctime/mtime change
# but we want to know when the data inside them changes
DATAONLY =  p+n+u+g+s+acl+selinux+xattrs+sha256

# Next decide what directories/files you want in the database.

/boot   NORMAL
/bin    NORMAL
/sbin   NORMAL
/lib    NORMAL
/lib64  NORMAL
/opt    NORMAL
/usr    NORMAL
/root   NORMAL
# These are too volatile
!/usr/src
!/usr/tmp

# Check only permissions, inode, user and group for /etc, but
# cover some important files closely.
/etc    PERMS
!/etc/mtab
# Ignore backup files
!/etc/.*~
/etc/exports  NORMAL
/etc/fstab    NORMAL
/etc/passwd   NORMAL
/etc/group    NORMAL
/etc/gshadow  NORMAL
/etc/shadow   NORMAL
/etc/security/opasswd   NORMAL

/etc/hosts.allow   NORMAL
/etc/hosts.deny    NORMAL

/etc/sudoers NORMAL
/etc/skel NORMAL

/etc/logrotate.d NORMAL

/etc/resolv.conf DATAONLY

/etc/nscd.conf NORMAL
/etc/securetty NORMAL

# Shell/X starting files
/etc/profile NORMAL
/etc/bashrc NORMAL
/etc/bash_completion.d/ NORMAL
/etc/login.defs NORMAL
/etc/zprofile NORMAL
/etc/zshrc NORMAL
/etc/zlogin NORMAL
/etc/zlogout NORMAL
/etc/profile.d/ NORMAL
/etc/X11/ NORMAL

# Pkg manager
/etc/yum.conf NORMAL
/etc/yumex.conf NORMAL
/etc/yumex.profiles.conf NORMAL
/etc/yum/ NORMAL
/etc/yum.repos.d/ NORMAL

/var/log   LOG
/var/run/utmp LOG

# This gets new/removes-old filenames daily
!/var/log/sa
# As we are checking it, we've truncated yesterdays size to zero.
!/var/log/aide.log

# LSPP rules...
# AIDE produces an audit record, so this becomes perpetual motion.
/etc/audit/ LSPP
/etc/libaudit.conf LSPP
/usr/sbin/stunnel LSPP
/var/spool/at LSPP
/etc/at.allow LSPP
/etc/at.deny LSPP
/etc/cron.allow LSPP
/etc/cron.deny LSPP
/etc/cron.d/ LSPP
/etc/cron.daily/ LSPP
/etc/cron.hourly/ LSPP
/etc/cron.monthly/ LSPP
/etc/cron.weekly/ LSPP
/etc/crontab LSPP
/var/spool/cron/root LSPP

/etc/login.defs LSPP
/etc/securetty LSPP
/var/log/faillog LSPP
/var/log/lastlog LSPP

/etc/hosts LSPP
/etc/sysconfig LSPP

/etc/inittab LSPP
/etc/grub/ LSPP
/etc/rc.d LSPP

/etc/ld.so.conf LSPP

/etc/localtime LSPP

/etc/sysctl.conf LSPP

/etc/modprobe.conf LSPP

/etc/pam.d LSPP
/etc/security LSPP
/etc/aliases LSPP
/etc/postfix LSPP

/etc/ssh/sshd_config LSPP
/etc/ssh/ssh_config LSPP

/etc/stunnel LSPP

/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers LSPP
/etc/vsftpd LSPP

/etc/issue LSPP
/etc/issue.net LSPP

/etc/cups LSPP

# Ditto /var/log/sa reason...
!/var/log/and-httpd

# Admins dot files constantly change, just check perms
/root/\..* PERMS
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