爆款云主机2核4G限时秒杀,88元/年起!
查看详情

活动

天翼云最新优惠活动,涵盖免费试用,产品折扣等,助您降本增效!
热门活动
  • 618智算钜惠季 爆款云主机2核4G限时秒杀,88元/年起!
  • 免费体验DeepSeek,上天翼云息壤 NEW 新老用户均可免费体验2500万Tokens,限时两周
  • 云上钜惠 HOT 爆款云主机全场特惠,更有万元锦鲤券等你来领!
  • 算力套餐 HOT 让算力触手可及
  • 天翼云脑AOne NEW 连接、保护、办公,All-in-One!
  • 中小企业应用上云专场 产品组合下单即享折上9折起,助力企业快速上云
  • 息壤高校钜惠活动 NEW 天翼云息壤杯高校AI大赛,数款产品享受线上订购超值特惠
  • 天翼云电脑专场 HOT 移动办公新选择,爆款4核8G畅享1年3.5折起,快来抢购!
  • 天翼云奖励推广计划 加入成为云推官,推荐新用户注册下单得现金奖励
免费活动
  • 免费试用中心 HOT 多款云产品免费试用,快来开启云上之旅
  • 天翼云用户体验官 NEW 您的洞察,重塑科技边界

智算服务

打造统一的产品能力,实现算网调度、训练推理、技术架构、资源管理一体化智算服务
智算云(DeepSeek专区)
科研助手
  • 算力商城
  • 应用商城
  • 开发机
  • 并行计算
算力互联调度平台
  • 应用市场
  • 算力市场
  • 算力调度推荐
一站式智算服务平台
  • 模型广场
  • 体验中心
  • 服务接入
智算一体机
  • 智算一体机
大模型
  • DeepSeek-R1-昇腾版(671B)
  • DeepSeek-R1-英伟达版(671B)
  • DeepSeek-V3-昇腾版(671B)
  • DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B
  • DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B
  • Qwen2-72B-Instruct
  • StableDiffusion-V2.1
  • TeleChat-12B

应用商城

天翼云精选行业优秀合作伙伴及千余款商品,提供一站式云上应用服务
进入甄选商城进入云市场创新解决方案
办公协同
  • WPS云文档
  • 安全邮箱
  • EMM手机管家
  • 智能商业平台
财务管理
  • 工资条
  • 税务风控云
企业应用
  • 翼信息化运维服务
  • 翼视频云归档解决方案
工业能源
  • 智慧工厂_生产流程管理解决方案
  • 智慧工地
建站工具
  • SSL证书
  • 新域名服务
网络工具
  • 翼云加速
灾备迁移
  • 云管家2.0
  • 翼备份
资源管理
  • 全栈混合云敏捷版(软件)
  • 全栈混合云敏捷版(一体机)
行业应用
  • 翼电子教室
  • 翼智慧显示一体化解决方案

合作伙伴

天翼云携手合作伙伴,共创云上生态,合作共赢
天翼云生态合作中心
  • 天翼云生态合作中心
天翼云渠道合作伙伴
  • 天翼云代理渠道合作伙伴
天翼云服务合作伙伴
  • 天翼云集成商交付能力认证
天翼云应用合作伙伴
  • 天翼云云市场合作伙伴
  • 天翼云甄选商城合作伙伴
天翼云技术合作伙伴
  • 天翼云OpenAPI中心
  • 天翼云EasyCoding平台
天翼云培训认证
  • 天翼云学堂
  • 天翼云市场商学院
天翼云合作计划
  • 云汇计划
天翼云东升计划
  • 适配中心
  • 东升计划
  • 适配互认证

开发者

开发者相关功能入口汇聚
技术社区
  • 专栏文章
  • 互动问答
  • 技术视频
资源与工具
  • OpenAPI中心
开放能力
  • EasyCoding敏捷开发平台
培训与认证
  • 天翼云学堂
  • 天翼云认证
魔乐社区
  • 魔乐社区

支持与服务

为您提供全方位支持与服务,全流程技术保障,助您轻松上云,安全无忧
文档与工具
  • 文档中心
  • 新手上云
  • 自助服务
  • OpenAPI中心
定价
  • 价格计算器
  • 定价策略
基础服务
  • 售前咨询
  • 在线支持
  • 在线支持
  • 工单服务
  • 建议与反馈
  • 用户体验官
  • 服务保障
  • 客户公告
  • 会员中心
增值服务
  • 红心服务
  • 首保服务
  • 客户支持计划
  • 专家技术服务
  • 备案管家

了解天翼云

天翼云秉承央企使命,致力于成为数字经济主力军,投身科技强国伟大事业,为用户提供安全、普惠云服务
品牌介绍
  • 关于天翼云
  • 智算云
  • 天翼云4.0
  • 新闻资讯
  • 天翼云APP
基础设施
  • 全球基础设施
  • 信任中心
最佳实践
  • 精选案例
  • 超级探访
  • 云杂志
  • 分析师和白皮书
  • 天翼云·创新直播间
市场活动
  • 2025智能云生态大会
  • 2024智算云生态大会
  • 2023云生态大会
  • 2022云生态大会
  • 天翼云中国行
天翼云
  • 活动
  • 智算服务
  • 产品
  • 解决方案
  • 应用商城
  • 合作伙伴
  • 开发者
  • 支持与服务
  • 了解天翼云
      • 文档
      • 控制中心
      • 备案
      • 管理中心

      python之socket编程

      首页 知识中心 软件开发 文章详情页

      python之socket编程

      2024-06-17 09:52:23 阅读次数:41

      socket

      Socket

      socket起源于Unix,而Unix/Linux基本哲学之一就是“一切皆文件”,对于文件用【打开】【读写】【关闭】模式来操作。socket就是该模式的一个实现,socket即是一种特殊的文件,一些socket函数就是对其进行的操作(读/写IO、打开、关闭)

      基本上,Socket 是任何一种计算机网络通讯中最基础的内容。例如当你在浏览器地址栏中输入  时,你会打开一个套接字,然后连接到  并读取响应的页面然后然后显示出来。而其他一些聊天客户端如 gtalk 和 skype 也是类似。任何网络通讯都是通过 Socket 来完成的。

      socket和file的区别:

      1、file模块是针对某个指定文件进行【打开】【读写】【关闭】

      2、socket模块是针对 服务器端 和 客户端Socket 进行【打开】【读写】【关闭】

       

       

      python之socket编程

      那我们就先来创建一个socket服务端吧

      import socket
      
      sk = socket.socket()
      sk.bind(("127.0.0.1",8080))
      sk.listen(5)
      
      conn,address = sk.accept()
      sk.sendall(bytes("Hello world",encoding="utf-8"))

      server

      import socket
      
      obj = socket.socket()
      obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))
      
      ret = str(obj.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")
      print(ret)

      View Code

      socket更多功能

      def bind(self, address): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              bind(address)
              
              Bind the socket to a local address.  For IP sockets, the address is a
              pair (host, port); the host must refer to the local host. For raw packet
              sockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype]])
              """
      '''将套接字绑定到本地地址。是一个IP套接字的地址对(主机、端口),主机必须参考本地主机。'''
              pass
      
          def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              close()
              
              Close the socket.  It cannot be used after this call.
              """
              '''关闭socket'''
              pass
      
          def connect(self, address): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              connect(address)
              
              Connect the socket to a remote address.  For IP sockets, the address
              is a pair (host, port).
              """
              '''将套接字连接到远程地址。IP套接字的地址'''
              pass
      
          def connect_ex(self, address): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              connect_ex(address) -> errno
              
              This is like connect(address), but returns an error code (the errno value)
              instead of raising an exception when an error occurs.
              """
              pass
      
          def detach(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              detach()
              
              Close the socket object without closing the underlying file descriptor.
              The object cannot be used after this call, but the file descriptor
              can be reused for other purposes.  The file descriptor is returned.
              """
      '''关闭套接字对象没有关闭底层的文件描述符。'''
              pass
      
          def fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              fileno() -> integer
              
              Return the integer file descriptor of the socket.
              """
              '''返回整数的套接字的文件描述符。'''
              return 0
      
          def getpeername(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              getpeername() -> address info
              
              Return the address of the remote endpoint.  For IP sockets, the address
              info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
                  """
              '''返回远程端点的地址。IP套接字的地址'''
              pass
      
          def getsockname(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              getsockname() -> address info
              
              Return the address of the local endpoint.  For IP sockets, the address
              info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
              """
              '''返回远程端点的地址。IP套接字的地址'''
              pass
      
          def getsockopt(self, level, option, buffersize=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              getsockopt(level, option[, buffersize]) -> value
              
              Get a socket option.  See the Unix manual for level and option.
              If a nonzero buffersize argument is given, the return value is a
              string of that length; otherwise it is an integer.
              """
              '''得到一个套接字选项'''
              pass
      
          def gettimeout(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              gettimeout() -> timeout
              
              Returns the timeout in seconds (float) associated with socket 
              operations. A timeout of None indicates that timeouts on socket 
              operations are disabled.
              """
              '''返回的超时秒数(浮动)与套接字相关联'''
              return timeout
      
          def ioctl(self, cmd, option): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              ioctl(cmd, option) -> long
              
              Control the socket with WSAIoctl syscall. Currently supported 'cmd' values are
              SIO_RCVALL:  'option' must be one of the socket.RCVALL_* constants.
              SIO_KEEPALIVE_VALS:  'option' is a tuple of (onoff, timeout, interval).
              """
              return 0
      
          def listen(self, backlog=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              listen([backlog])
              
              Enable a server to accept connections.  If backlog is specified, it must be
              at least 0 (if it is lower, it is set to 0); it specifies the number of
              unaccepted connections that the system will allow before refusing new
              connections. If not specified, a default reasonable value is chosen.
              """
              '''使服务器能够接受连接。'''
              pass
      
          def recv(self, buffersize, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              recv(buffersize[, flags]) -> data
              
              Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket.  For the optional flags
              argument, see the Unix manual.  When no data is available, block until
              at least one byte is available or until the remote end is closed.  When
              the remote end is closed and all data is read, return the empty string.
              """
      '''当没有数据可用,阻塞,直到至少一个字节是可用的或远程结束之前关闭。'''
              pass
      
          def recvfrom(self, buffersize, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              recvfrom(buffersize[, flags]) -> (data, address info)
              
              Like recv(buffersize, flags) but also return the sender's address info.
              """
              pass
      
          def recvfrom_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              recvfrom_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) -> (nbytes, address info)
              
              Like recv_into(buffer[, nbytes[, flags]]) but also return the sender's address info.
              """
              pass
      
          def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              recv_into(buffer, [nbytes[, flags]]) -> nbytes_read
              
              A version of recv() that stores its data into a buffer rather than creating 
              a new string.  Receive up to buffersize bytes from the socket.  If buffersize 
              is not specified (or 0), receive up to the size available in the given buffer.
              
              See recv() for documentation about the flags.
              """
              pass
      
          def send(self, data, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              send(data[, flags]) -> count
              
              Send a data string to the socket.  For the optional flags
              argument, see the Unix manual.  Return the number of bytes
              sent; this may be less than len(data) if the network is busy.
              """
              '''发送一个数据字符串到套接字。'''
              pass
      
          def sendall(self, data, flags=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              sendall(data[, flags])
              
              Send a data string to the socket.  For the optional flags
              argument, see the Unix manual.  This calls send() repeatedly
              until all data is sent.  If an error occurs, it's impossible
              to tell how much data has been sent.
              """
              '''发送一个数据字符串到套接字,直到所有数据发送完成'''
              pass
      
          def sendto(self, data, flags=None, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__ 
              """
              sendto(data[, flags], address) -> count
              
              Like send(data, flags) but allows specifying the destination address.
              For IP sockets, the address is a pair (hostaddr, port).
              """
              pass
      
          def setblocking(self, flag): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              setblocking(flag)
              
              Set the socket to blocking (flag is true) or non-blocking (false).
              setblocking(True) is equivalent to settimeout(None);
              setblocking(False) is equivalent to settimeout(0.0).
              """
      '''是否阻塞(默认True),如果设置False,那么accept和recv时一旦无数据,则报错。'''
              pass
      
          def setsockopt(self, level, option, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              setsockopt(level, option, value)
              
              Set a socket option.  See the Unix manual for level and option.
              The value argument can either be an integer or a string.
              """
              pass
      
          def settimeout(self, timeout): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              settimeout(timeout)
              
              Set a timeout on socket operations.  'timeout' can be a float,
              giving in seconds, or None.  Setting a timeout of None disables
              the timeout feature and is equivalent to setblocking(1).
              Setting a timeout of zero is the same as setblocking(0).
              """
              pass
      
          def share(self, process_id): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              share(process_id) -> bytes
              
              Share the socket with another process.  The target process id
              must be provided and the resulting bytes object passed to the target
              process.  There the shared socket can be instantiated by calling
              socket.fromshare().
              """
              return b""
      
          def shutdown(self, flag): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              shutdown(flag)
              
              Shut down the reading side of the socket (flag == SHUT_RD), the writing side
              of the socket (flag == SHUT_WR), or both ends (flag == SHUT_RDWR).
              """
              pass
      
          def _accept(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
              """
              _accept() -> (integer, address info)
              
              Wait for an incoming connection.  Return a new socket file descriptor
              representing the connection, and the address of the client.
              For IP sockets, the address info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
              """
              pass

      更多功能

      注:撸主知道大家懒,所以把全部功能的中文标记在每个功能的下面啦。下面撸主列一些经常用到的吧

      sk.bind(address)

      s.bind(address) 将套接字绑定到地址。address地址的格式取决于地址族。在AF_INET下,以元组(host,port)的形式表示地址。

      sk.listen(backlog)

      开始监听传入连接。backlog指定在拒绝连接之前,可以挂起的最大连接数量。

      backlog等于5,表示内核已经接到了连接请求,但服务器还没有调用accept进行处理的连接个数最大为5
            这个值不能无限大,因为要在内核中维护连接队列

      sk.setblocking(bool)

      是否阻塞(默认True),如果设置False,那么accept和recv时一旦无数据,则报错。

      sk.accept()

      接受连接并返回(conn,address),其中conn是新的套接字对象,可以用来接收和发送数据。address是连接客户端的地址。

      接收TCP 客户的连接(阻塞式)等待连接的到来

      sk.connect(address)

      连接到address处的套接字。一般,address的格式为元组(hostname,port),如果连接出错,返回socket.error错误。

      sk.connect_ex(address)

      同上,只不过会有返回值,连接成功时返回 0 ,连接失败时候返回编码,例如:10061

      sk.close()

      关闭套接字

      sk.recv(bufsize[,flag])

      接受套接字的数据。数据以字符串形式返回,bufsize指定最多可以接收的数量。flag提供有关消息的其他信息,通常可以忽略。

      sk.recvfrom(bufsize[.flag])

      与recv()类似,但返回值是(data,address)。其中data是包含接收数据的字符串,address是发送数据的套接字地址。

      sk.send(string[,flag])

      将string中的数据发送到连接的套接字。返回值是要发送的字节数量,该数量可能小于string的字节大小。即:可能未将指定内容全部发送。

      sk.sendall(string[,flag])

      将string中的数据发送到连接的套接字,但在返回之前会尝试发送所有数据。成功返回None,失败则抛出异常。

      内部通过递归调用send,将所有内容发送出去。

      sk.sendto(string[,flag],address)

      将数据发送到套接字,address是形式为(ipaddr,port)的元组,指定远程地址。返回值是发送的字节数。该函数主要用于UDP协议。

      sk.settimeout(timeout)

      设置套接字操作的超时期,timeout是一个浮点数,单位是秒。值为None表示没有超时期。一般,超时期应该在刚创建套接字时设置,因为它们可能用于连接的操作(如 client 连接最多等待5s )

      sk.getpeername()

      返回连接套接字的远程地址。返回值通常是元组(ipaddr,port)。

      sk.getsockname()

      返回套接字自己的地址。通常是一个元组(ipaddr,port)

      sk.fileno()

      套接字的文件描述符

      TCP:

      import  socketserver
      服务端
      
      class Myserver(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
      
          def handle(self):
      
              conn = self.request
              conn.sendall(bytes("你好,我是机器人",encoding="utf-8"))
              while True:
                  ret_bytes = conn.recv(1024)
                  ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
                  if ret_str == "q":
                      break
                  conn.sendall(bytes(ret_str+"你好我好大家好",encoding="utf-8"))
      
      if __name__ == "__main__":
          server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("127.0.0.1",8080),Myserver)
          server.serve_forever()
      
      客户端
      
      import socket
      
      obj = socket.socket()
      
      obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))
      
      ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)
      ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
      print(ret_str)
      
      while True:
          inp = input("你好请问您有什么问题? \n >>>")
          if inp == "q":
              obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))
              break
          else:
              obj.sendall(bytes(inp, encoding="utf-8"))
              ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)
              ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
              print(ret_str)

      案例一 机器人聊天

      服务端
      
      import socket
      
      sk = socket.socket()
      
      sk.bind(("127.0.0.1",8080))
      sk.listen(5)
      
      while True:
          conn,address = sk.accept()
          conn.sendall(bytes("欢迎光临我爱我家",encoding="utf-8"))
      
          size = conn.recv(1024)
          size_str = str(size,encoding="utf-8")
          file_size = int(size_str)
      
          conn.sendall(bytes("开始传送", encoding="utf-8"))
      
          has_size = 0
          f = open("db_new.jpg","wb")
          while True:
              if file_size == has_size:
                  break
              date = conn.recv(1024)
              f.write(date)
              has_size += len(date)
      
          f.close()
      
      客户端
      
      import socket
      import os
      
      obj = socket.socket()
      
      obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))
      
      ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)
      ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
      print(ret_str)
      
      size = os.stat("yan.jpg").st_size
      obj.sendall(bytes(str(size),encoding="utf-8"))
      
      obj.recv(1024)
      
      with open("yan.jpg","rb") as f:
          for line in f:
              obj.sendall(line)

      案例二 上传文件

      UdP

      import socket
      ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999)
      sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM,0)
      sk.bind(ip_port)
      
      while True:
          data = sk.recv(1024)
          print data
      
      
      
      
      import socket
      ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999)
      
      sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM,0)
      while True:
          inp = input('数据:').strip()
          if inp == 'exit':
              break
          sk.sendto(bytes(inp,encoding = "utf-8"),ip_port)
      
      sk.close()

      udp传输

      WEB服务应用:

      importsocketdefhandle_request(client):    buf =client.recv(1024)    client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")    client.send("Hello, World")defmain():    sock =socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)    sock.bind(('localhost',8080))    sock.listen(5)    whileTrue:        connection, address =sock.accept()        handle_request(connection)        connection.close()if__name__ =='__main__':  main()

      IO多路复用

      I/O(input/output),即输入/输出端口。每个设备都会有一个专用的I/O地址,用来处理自己的输入输出信息首先什么是I/O:

      I/O分为磁盘io和网络io,这里说的是网络io

      IO多路复用:

      I/O多路复用指:通过一种机制,可以监视多个描述符(socket),一旦某个描述符就绪(一般是读就绪或者写就绪),能够通知程序进行相应的读写操作。

      Linux

      Linux中的 select,poll,epoll 都是IO多路复用的机制。

      Linux下网络I/O使用socket套接字来通信,普通I/O模型只能监听一个socket,而I/O多路复用可同时监听多个socket.

      I/O多路复用避免阻塞在io上,原本为多进程或多线程来接收多个连接的消息变为单进程或单线程保存多个socket的状态后轮询处理.

      Python

      Python中有一个select模块,其中提供了:select、poll、epoll三个方法,分别调用系统的 select,poll,epoll 从而实现IO多路复用。

      Windows Python:    提供: selectMac Python:    提供: selectLinux Python:    提供: select、poll、epoll

      对于select模块操作的方法:

      句柄列表11, 句柄列表22, 句柄列表33=select.select(句柄序列1, 句柄序列2, 句柄序列3, 超时时间)参数: 可接受四个参数(前三个必须)返回值:三个列表select方法用来监视文件句柄,如果句柄发生变化,则获取该句柄。1、当 参数1序列中的句柄发生可读时(accetp和read),则获取发生变化的句柄并添加到 返回值1序列中2、当 参数2序列中含有句柄时,则将该序列中所有的句柄添加到 返回值2序列中3、当 参数3序列中的句柄发生错误时,则将该发生错误的句柄添加到 返回值3序列中4、当 超时时间 未设置,则select会一直阻塞,直到监听的句柄发生变化5、当 超时时间 = 1时,那么如果监听的句柄均无任何变化,则select会阻塞 1秒,之后返回三个空列表,如果监听的句柄有变化,则直接执行。
      import socket
      import select
      
      
      sk1 = socket.socket()
      sk1.bind(("127.0.0.1",8001))
      sk1.listen()
      
      sk2 = socket.socket()
      sk2.bind(("127.0.0.1",8002))
      sk2.listen()
      
      sk3 = socket.socket()
      sk3.bind(("127.0.0.1",8003))
      sk3.listen()
      
      li = [sk1,sk2,sk3]
      
      while True:
          r_list,w_list,e_list = select.select(li,[],[],1) # r_list可变化的
          for line in r_list: 
              conn,address = line.accept()
              conn.sendall(bytes("Hello World !",encoding="utf-8"))

      利用select监听终端操作实例

      服务端:
      sk1 = socket.socket()
      sk1.bind(("127.0.0.1",8001))
      sk1.listen()
      
      inpu = [sk1,]
      
      while True:
          r_list,w_list,e_list = select.select(inpu,[],[],1)
          for sk in r_list:
              if sk == sk1:
                  conn,address = sk.accept()
                  inpu.append(conn)
              else:
                  try:
                      ret = str(sk.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")
                      sk.sendall(bytes(ret+"hao",encoding="utf-8"))
                  except Exception as ex:
                      inpu.remove(sk)
      
      客户端
      import socket
      
      obj = socket.socket()
      
      obj.connect(('127.0.0.1',8001))
      
      while True:
          inp = input("Please(q\退出):\n>>>")
          obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))
          if inp == "q":
              break
          ret = str(obj.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")
          print(ret)

      利用select实现伪同时处理多个Socket客户端请求

      服务端:
      import socket
      sk1 = socket.socket()
      sk1.bind(("127.0.0.1",8001))
      sk1.listen()
      inputs = [sk1]
      import select
      message_dic = {}
      outputs = []
      while True:
      
          r_list, w_list, e_list = select.select(inputs,[],inputs,1)
          print("正在监听的socket对象%d" % len(inputs))
          print(r_list)
          for sk1_or_conn in r_list:
              if sk1_or_conn == sk1:
                  conn,address = sk1_or_conn.accept()
                  inputs.append(conn)
                  message_dic[conn] = []
              else:
                  try:
                      data_bytes = sk1_or_conn.recv(1024)
                      data_str = str(data_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
                      sk1_or_conn.sendall(bytes(data_str+"好",encoding="utf-8"))
                  except Exception as ex:
                      inputs.remove(sk1_or_conn)
                  else:
                      data_str = str(data_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
                      message_dic[sk1_or_conn].append(data_str)
                      outputs.append(sk1_or_conn)
              for conn in w_list:
                  recv_str = message_dic[conn][0]
                  del message_dic[conn][0]
                  conn.sendall(bytes(recv_str+"好",encoding="utf-8"))
              for sk in e_list:
                  inputs.remove(sk)
      
      客户端:
      import socket
      
      obj = socket.socket()
      
      obj.connect(('127.0.0.1',8001))
      
      while True:
          inp = input("Please(q\退出):\n>>>")
          obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))
          if inp == "q":
              break
          ret = str(obj.recv(1024),encoding="utf-8")
          print(ret)

      利用select实现伪同时处理多个Socket客户端请求读写分离

      socketserver

      python之socket编程

      SocketServer内部使用 IO多路复用 以及 “多线程” 和 “多进程” ,从而实现并发处理多个客户端请求的Socket服务端。即:每个客户端请求连接到服务器时,Socket服务端都会在服务器是创建一个“线程”或者“进程” 专门负责处理当前客户端的所有请求。

      ThreadingTCPServer

      ThreadingTCPServer实现的Soket服务器内部会为每个client创建一个 “线程”,该线程用来和客户端进行交互。

      1、ThreadingTCPServer基础

      使用ThreadingTCPServer:

      • 创建一个继承自 SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类
      • 类中必须定义一个名称为 handle 的方法
      • 启动ThreadingTCPServer
      import  socketserver
      
      class Myserver(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
      
          def handle(self):
      
              conn = self.request
              conn.sendall(bytes("你好,我是机器人",encoding="utf-8"))
              while True:
                  ret_bytes = conn.recv(1024)
                  ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
                  if ret_str == "q":
                      break
                  conn.sendall(bytes(ret_str+"你好我好大家好",encoding="utf-8"))
      
      if __name__ == "__main__":
          server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(("127.0.0.1",8080),Myserver)
          server.serve_forever()

      服务端

      import socket
      
      obj = socket.socket()
      
      obj.connect(("127.0.0.1",8080))
      
      ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)
      ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
      print(ret_str)
      
      while True:
          inp = input("你好请问您有什么问题? \n >>>")
          if inp == "q":
              obj.sendall(bytes(inp,encoding="utf-8"))
              break
          else:
              obj.sendall(bytes(inp, encoding="utf-8"))
              ret_bytes = obj.recv(1024)
              ret_str = str(ret_bytes,encoding="utf-8")
              print(ret_str)

      客户端

      2、ThreadingTCPServer源码剖析

      ThreadingTCPServer的类图关系如下:

      python之socket编程

      内部调用流程为:

      • 启动服务端程序
      • 执行 TCPServer.__init__ 方法,创建服务端Socket对象并绑定 IP 和 端口
      • 执行 BaseServer.__init__ 方法,将自定义的继承自SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类 MyRequestHandle赋值给 self.RequestHandlerClass
      • 执行 BaseServer.server_forever 方法,While 循环一直监听是否有客户端请求到达 ...
      • 当客户端连接到达服务器
      • 执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request 方法,创建一个 “线程” 用来处理请求
      • 执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request_thread 方法
      • 执行 BaseServer.finish_request 方法,执行 self.RequestHandlerClass()  即:执行 自定义 MyRequestHandler 的构造方法(自动调用基类BaseRequestHandler的构造方法,在该构造方法中又会调用 MyRequestHandler的handle方法)

      相对应的源码如下:

      class BaseServer:
      
          """Base class for server classes.
      
          Methods for the caller:
      
          - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
          - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
          - shutdown()
          - handle_request()  # if you do not use serve_forever()
          - fileno() -> int   # for select()
      
          Methods that may be overridden:
      
          - server_bind()
          - server_activate()
          - get_request() -> request, client_address
          - handle_timeout()
          - verify_request(request, client_address)
          - server_close()
          - process_request(request, client_address)
          - shutdown_request(request)
          - close_request(request)
          - handle_error()
      
          Methods for derived classes:
      
          - finish_request(request, client_address)
      
          Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
          instances:
      
          - timeout
          - address_family
          - socket_type
          - allow_reuse_address
      
          Instance variables:
      
          - RequestHandlerClass
          - socket
      
          """
      
          timeout = None
      
          def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
              """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
              self.server_address = server_address
              self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
              self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
              self.__shutdown_request = False
      
          def server_activate(self):
              """Called by constructor to activate the server.
      
              May be overridden.
      
              """
              pass
      
          def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
              """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
      
              Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
              self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
              another thread.
              """
              self.__is_shut_down.clear()
              try:
                  while not self.__shutdown_request:
                      # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or
                      # connecting to the socket to wake this up instead of
                      # polling. Polling reduces our responsiveness to a
                      # shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other times.
                      r, w, e = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [],
                                             poll_interval)
                      if self in r:
                          self._handle_request_noblock()
              finally:
                  self.__shutdown_request = False
                  self.__is_shut_down.set()
      
          def shutdown(self):
              """Stops the serve_forever loop.
      
              Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
              serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
              deadlock.
              """
              self.__shutdown_request = True
              self.__is_shut_down.wait()
      
          # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and
          # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary.  Remember:
          #
          # - handle_request() is the top-level call.  It calls
          #   select, get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
          # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
          # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process
          #   or create a new thread to finish the request
          # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;
          #   this constructor will handle the request all by itself
      
          def handle_request(self):
              """Handle one request, possibly blocking.
      
              Respects self.timeout.
              """
              # Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape
              # handle_request before self.timeout was available.
              timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
              if timeout is None:
                  timeout = self.timeout
              elif self.timeout is not None:
                  timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)
              fd_sets = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [], timeout)
              if not fd_sets[0]:
                  self.handle_timeout()
                  return
              self._handle_request_noblock()
      
          def _handle_request_noblock(self):
              """Handle one request, without blocking.
      
              I assume that select.select has returned that the socket is
              readable before this function was called, so there should be
              no risk of blocking in get_request().
              """
              try:
                  request, client_address = self.get_request()
              except socket.error:
                  return
              if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
                  try:
                      self.process_request(request, client_address)
                  except:
                      self.handle_error(request, client_address)
                      self.shutdown_request(request)
      
          def handle_timeout(self):
              """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.
      
              Overridden by ForkingMixIn.
              """
              pass
      
          def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
              """Verify the request.  May be overridden.
      
              Return True if we should proceed with this request.
      
              """
              return True
      
          def process_request(self, request, client_address):
              """Call finish_request.
      
              Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
      
              """
              self.finish_request(request, client_address)
              self.shutdown_request(request)
      
          def server_close(self):
              """Called to clean-up the server.
      
              May be overridden.
      
              """
              pass
      
          def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
              """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
              self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
      
          def shutdown_request(self, request):
              """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
              self.close_request(request)
      
          def close_request(self, request):
              """Called to clean up an individual request."""
              pass
      
          def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
              """Handle an error gracefully.  May be overridden.
      
              The default is to print a traceback and continue.
      
              """
              print '-'*40
              print 'Exception happened during processing of request from',
              print client_address
              import traceback
              traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!
              print '-'*40

      Baseserver

      class TCPServer(BaseServer):
      
          """Base class for various socket-based server classes.
      
          Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).
      
          Methods for the caller:
      
          - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)
          - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
          - shutdown()
          - handle_request()  # if you don't use serve_forever()
          - fileno() -> int   # for select()
      
          Methods that may be overridden:
      
          - server_bind()
          - server_activate()
          - get_request() -> request, client_address
          - handle_timeout()
          - verify_request(request, client_address)
          - process_request(request, client_address)
          - shutdown_request(request)
          - close_request(request)
          - handle_error()
      
          Methods for derived classes:
      
          - finish_request(request, client_address)
      
          Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
          instances:
      
          - timeout
          - address_family
          - socket_type
          - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)
          - allow_reuse_address
      
          Instance variables:
      
          - server_address
          - RequestHandlerClass
          - socket
      
          """
      
          address_family = socket.AF_INET
      
          socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
      
          request_queue_size = 5
      
          allow_reuse_address = False
      
          def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
              """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
              BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
              self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                          self.socket_type)
              if bind_and_activate:
                  try:
                      self.server_bind()
                      self.server_activate()
                  except:
                      self.server_close()
                      raise
      
          def server_bind(self):
              """Called by constructor to bind the socket.
      
              May be overridden.
      
              """
              if self.allow_reuse_address:
                  self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
              self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
              self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
      
          def server_activate(self):
              """Called by constructor to activate the server.
      
              May be overridden.
      
              """
              self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
      
          def server_close(self):
              """Called to clean-up the server.
      
              May be overridden.
      
              """
              self.socket.close()
      
          def fileno(self):
              """Return socket file number.
      
              Interface required by select().
      
              """
              return self.socket.fileno()
      
          def get_request(self):
              """Get the request and client address from the socket.
      
              May be overridden.
      
              """
              return self.socket.accept()
      
          def shutdown_request(self, request):
              """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
              try:
                  #explicitly shutdown.  socket.close() merely releases
                  #the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.
                  request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
              except socket.error:
                  pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here
              self.close_request(request)
      
          def close_request(self, request):
              """Called to clean up an individual request."""
              request.close()

      TCP server

      class ThreadingMixIn:
          """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""
      
          # Decides how threads will act upon termination of the
          # main process
          daemon_threads = False
      
          def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
              """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.
      
              In addition, exception handling is done here.
      
              """
              try:
                  self.finish_request(request, client_address)
                  self.shutdown_request(request)
              except:
                  self.handle_error(request, client_address)
                  self.shutdown_request(request)
      
          def process_request(self, request, client_address):
              """Start a new thread to process the request."""
              t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
                                   args = (request, client_address))
              t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
              t.start()

      ThreadingMixIn

      class BaseRequestHandler:
      
          """Base class for request handler classes.
      
          This class is instantiated for each request to be handled.  The
          constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
          and server, and then calls the handle() method.  To implement a
          specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
          defines a handle() method.
      
          The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
          client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
          needs access to per-server information) as self.server.  Since a
          separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
          can define arbitrary other instance variariables.
      
          """
      
          def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
              self.request = request
              self.client_address = client_address
              self.server = server
              self.setup()
              try:
                  self.handle()
              finally:
                  self.finish()
      
          def setup(self):
              pass
      
          def handle(self):
              pass
      
          def finish(self):
              pass

      SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler

      SocketServer的ThreadingTCPServer之所以可以同时处理请求得益于 select 和 Threading 两个东西,其实本质上就是在服务器端为每一个客户端创建一个线程,当前线程用来处理对应客户端的请求,所以,可以支持同时n个客户端链接(长连接)。

      版权声明:本文内容来自第三方投稿或授权转载,原文地址:https://blog.51cto.com/u_16730152/10576946,作者:AiuTools,版权归原作者所有。本网站转在其作品的目的在于传递更多信息,不拥有版权,亦不承担相应法律责任。如因作品内容、版权等问题需要同本网站联系,请发邮件至ctyunbbs@chinatelecom.cn沟通。

      上一篇:解决pandas读取文件报错ValueError: Invalid file path or buffer object type: <class ‘tuple‘>

      下一篇:Android RecyclerView 列表加载图片宽高适配

      相关文章

      2025-03-10 09:50:40

      【Python】socket编程——使用UDP协议打造在线时间服务器

      在Python网络编程模块有两种协议,一种是TCP,一种是UDP。

      2025-03-10 09:50:40
      socket , type , UDP , 协议 , 客户端
      2025-02-26 07:22:11

      【RDMA】降CPU除RDMA (vbers)还有VMA ?|使用socket进行RDMA编程?

      【RDMA】降CPU除RDMA (vbers)还有VMA ?|使用socket进行RDMA编程?

      2025-02-26 07:22:11
      RDMA , socket , 内核 , 网卡
      2025-02-25 08:55:16

      【socket】 unix域套接字(socketpair )通信|socketpair和pipe的区别|进程间通信-Unix domain socket

      【socket】 unix域套接字(socketpair )通信|socketpair和pipe的区别|进程间通信-Unix domain socket

      2025-02-25 08:55:16
      socket
      2025-02-21 08:57:32

      【epoll】epoll多路复用和Reactor设计思想---编辑中

      【epoll】epoll多路复用和Reactor设计思想---编辑中

      2025-02-21 08:57:32
      epoll , event , Reactor , socket , 多线程 , 模式 , 线程
      2025-01-17 09:06:45

      讲一讲Kafka与RocketMQ中零拷贝技术的运用?

      讲一讲Kafka与RocketMQ中零拷贝技术的运用?

      2025-01-17 09:06:45
      buffer , copy , socket , 拷贝 , 缓冲区
      2025-01-08 08:39:44

      windows系统环境c++(c) socket编程实例代码(含服务端和客户端)

      本代码是windows系统环境c++(c) socket编程实例。包含客户端和服务端,可以实现客户端发送消息,服务端接收消息并写入日志。 server.cpp为服务端。

      2025-01-08 08:39:44
      client , cpp , server , socket , windows , 代码 , 客户端 , 服务端
      2025-01-06 08:37:58

      python socket编程实例代码(含服务端和客户端)

      本代码是python实现的socket实例代码,包括客户端和服务端。 server.py为服务端。 client.py为客户端。

      2025-01-06 08:37:58
      client , python , server , socket , 代码 , 客户端 , 服务端
      2024-12-17 08:34:36

      Python3 网络编程详解

      Python 提供了丰富的网络编程支持,包括低级别的 Socket 编程和高级别的 SocketServer 模块。

      2024-12-17 08:34:36
      socket , Socket , TCP , 客户端 , 接字 , 模块 , 连接
      2024-12-05 08:50:14

      Linux网络编程IO管理

      Linux网络编程IO管理

      2024-12-05 08:50:14
      kernel , select , socket , 句柄 , 进程 , 阻塞
      2024-11-26 09:46:16

      Python网络编程之TCP服务端程序开发

      Python网络编程之TCP服务端程序开发

      2024-11-26 09:46:16
      socket , 服务端 , 端口号
      查看更多
      推荐标签

      作者介绍

      天翼云小翼
      天翼云用户

      文章

      33561

      阅读量

      5248551

      查看更多

      最新文章

      【RDMA】降CPU除RDMA (vbers)还有VMA ?|使用socket进行RDMA编程?

      2025-02-26 07:22:11

      【epoll】epoll多路复用和Reactor设计思想---编辑中

      2025-02-21 08:57:32

      Linux网络编程IO管理

      2024-12-05 08:50:14

      Python网络编程之TCP服务端程序开发

      2024-11-26 09:46:16

      如何用 socket 编程实现 ftp 协议?

      2024-05-16 09:46:12

      网络编程释疑之:TCP连接拔掉网线后会发生什么

      2023-08-04 08:02:49

      查看更多

      热门文章

      Pyhton编程:socket实现ssh通讯

      2023-02-24 10:15:28

      一个简单的socket套接字服务器,Python

      2023-04-13 09:31:09

      静态Web服务器-面向对象开发

      2023-05-26 10:31:26

      网络编程释疑之:TCP连接拔掉网线后会发生什么

      2023-08-04 08:02:49

      如何用 socket 编程实现 ftp 协议?

      2024-05-16 09:46:12

      Python网络编程之TCP服务端程序开发

      2024-11-26 09:46:16

      查看更多

      热门标签

      java Java python 编程开发 代码 开发语言 算法 线程 Python html 数组 C++ 元素 javascript c++
      查看更多

      相关产品

      弹性云主机

      随时自助获取、弹性伸缩的云服务器资源

      天翼云电脑(公众版)

      便捷、安全、高效的云电脑服务

      对象存储

      高品质、低成本的云上存储服务

      云硬盘

      为云上计算资源提供持久性块存储

      查看更多

      随机文章

      【RDMA】降CPU除RDMA (vbers)还有VMA ?|使用socket进行RDMA编程?

      网络编程释疑之:TCP连接拔掉网线后会发生什么

      【epoll】epoll多路复用和Reactor设计思想---编辑中

      静态Web服务器-面向对象开发

      Python网络编程之TCP服务端程序开发

      一个简单的socket套接字服务器,Python

      • 7*24小时售后
      • 无忧退款
      • 免费备案
      • 专家服务
      售前咨询热线
      400-810-9889转1
      关注天翼云
      • 旗舰店
      • 天翼云APP
      • 天翼云微信公众号
      服务与支持
      • 备案中心
      • 售前咨询
      • 智能客服
      • 自助服务
      • 工单管理
      • 客户公告
      • 涉诈举报
      账户管理
      • 管理中心
      • 订单管理
      • 余额管理
      • 发票管理
      • 充值汇款
      • 续费管理
      快速入口
      • 天翼云旗舰店
      • 文档中心
      • 最新活动
      • 免费试用
      • 信任中心
      • 天翼云学堂
      云网生态
      • 甄选商城
      • 渠道合作
      • 云市场合作
      了解天翼云
      • 关于天翼云
      • 天翼云APP
      • 服务案例
      • 新闻资讯
      • 联系我们
      热门产品
      • 云电脑
      • 弹性云主机
      • 云电脑政企版
      • 天翼云手机
      • 云数据库
      • 对象存储
      • 云硬盘
      • Web应用防火墙
      • 服务器安全卫士
      • CDN加速
      热门推荐
      • 云服务备份
      • 边缘安全加速平台
      • 全站加速
      • 安全加速
      • 云服务器
      • 云主机
      • 智能边缘云
      • 应用编排服务
      • 微服务引擎
      • 共享流量包
      更多推荐
      • web应用防火墙
      • 密钥管理
      • 等保咨询
      • 安全专区
      • 应用运维管理
      • 云日志服务
      • 文档数据库服务
      • 云搜索服务
      • 数据湖探索
      • 数据仓库服务
      友情链接
      • 中国电信集团
      • 189邮箱
      • 天翼企业云盘
      • 天翼云盘
      ©2025 天翼云科技有限公司版权所有 增值电信业务经营许可证A2.B1.B2-20090001
      公司地址:北京市东城区青龙胡同甲1号、3号2幢2层205-32室
      • 用户协议
      • 隐私政策
      • 个人信息保护
      • 法律声明
      备案 京公网安备11010802043424号 京ICP备 2021034386号