认识DBUS(一)-天翼云开发者社区

1、DBUS的概念和基本原理

DBus是一种轻量级的进程间通信机制，可以用于进程间通信或进程与内核的通信。它由freedesktop.org项目提供，使用GPL许可证发行。D-Bus最主要的用途是在 Linux桌面环境为进程提供通信，同时能将Linux桌面环境和Linux内核事件作为消息传递到进程。D-Bus的主要概率为总线，注册后的进程可通过总线接收或传递消息，进程也可注册后等待内核事件响应，例如等待网络状态的转变或者计算机发出关机指令。目前，D-Bus已被大多数Linux发行版所采用，开发者可使用D-Bus实现各种复杂的进程间通信任务。关于dbus的详细内容也可以参考[dbus (www.freedesktop.org)]
下面介绍一下DBus中的一些基本概念：
会话总线（Session Buses）普通进程创建，可同时存在多条。会话总线属于某个进程私有，它用于进程间传递消息。
系统总线（System Bus）在引导时就会启动，它由操作系统和后台进程使用，安全性非常好，以使得任意的应用程序不能欺骗系统事件。当然，如果一个应用程序需要接受来自系统总线的消息，他也可以直接连接到系统总线中，但是他能发送的消息是受限的。

Bus Name按字面理解为总线名称貌似不是很贴切，应该是一个连接名称，主要是用来标识一个应用和消息总线的连接。从上图可以看出来，总线名称主要分为两类"org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher"这种形式的称为公共名（well-knownname）。":1.3"这种形式的称为唯一名（Unique Name）

公共名提供众所周知的服务。其他应用通过这个名称来使用名称对应的服务。可能有多个连接要求提供同个公共名的服务，即多个应用连接到消息总线，要求提供同个公共名的服务。消息总线会把这些连接排在链表中，并选择一个连接提供公共名代表的服务。可以说这个提供服务的连接拥有了这个公共名。如果这个连接退出了，消息总线会从链表中选择下一个连接提供服务。

唯一名以“:”开头，“:”后面通常是圆点分隔的两个数字，例如“:1.0”。每个连接都有一个唯一名。在一个消息总线的生命期内，不会有两个连接有相同的唯一名。拥有公众名的连接同样有唯一名，例如在前面的图中，“org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher”的唯一名是“:1.51”。

每个连接都有一个唯一名，但不一定有公共名。

只有唯一名而没有公共名叫做私有连接，因为它们没有提供可以通过公共名访问的服务。

Object Paths**：**“org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher”这个连接中有三个Object Paths，标识这个连接中提供了三个不同的服务，每个Object Paths表示一个服务。这个路径在连接中是唯一的。

Interfaces：在每个Object Paths下都包含有多个接口（Interfaces），举例如下接口：

org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable

org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties

org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher

红色的两个是消息总线提供的标准接口，而剩下的一个是需要具体的应用去实现的。

Methods和Signals**：**

Methods表示可以被具体调用的方法

Signals则表示的是信号，此信号可以被广播，而连接了这个信号的对象在接收到信号时就可以进行相应的处理。和Qt中的信号应该是一个意思。下图是DBUS通信机制的总体架构：

接下来通过一个小例子来演示dbus之间通信的过程：

server端：

use std::{error::Error, future::pending};  			
use zbus::{connection, interface};  			 			
struct Greeter {  			
    count: u64  			
}  			
  			
#[interface(name = "org	zbus	MyGreeter1")]  	
impl Greeter {  			
			
    fn say_hello(&mut self, name: &str) -> String {  			
        self	count += 1;  		
        format!("Hello {}! I have been called {} times", name, self.count)  		
    }  			
}  			
  			
  			
#[async_std::main]  			
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {  			
    let greeter = Greeter { count: 0 };  			
    print!("I am a server test");  			
    let _conn = connection::Builder::session()?  			
        	name("org zbus MyGreeter")?  
        	serve_at("/org/zbus/MyGreeter", greeter)?  		
        	build()  		
        	await?;  		
  		
    pending::<()>().await;  				
    Ok(())  			
}

Client端：

use zbus::{Connection, Result, proxy};  
  
#[proxy(  
    interface = "org.zbus.MyGreeter1",  
    default_service = "org.zbus.MyGreeter",  
    default_path = "/org/zbus/MyGreeter"  
)]  
trait MyGreeter {  
    async fn say_hello(&self, name: &str) -> Result<String>;  
}  
  
// Although we use `async-std` here, you can use any async runtime of choice
#[async_std::main]  
async fn main() -> Result<()> {  
    let connection = Connection::session().await?;  
  
    // `proxy` macro creates `MyGreeterProxy` based on `Notifications` trait
    let proxy = MyGreeterProxy::new(&connection).await?;  
    let reply = proxy.say_hello("Maria").await?;  
    println!("{reply}");  
  
    Ok(())  
}

效果展示：

通信过程展示(以守护进程dbus-daemon为例)：

socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_AUDIT) = 5
......
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 6, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=6, u64=6}}) = 0
......
socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, [7, 8]) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 7, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=7, u64=7}}) = 0
......
epoll_wait(3,[{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=4, u64=4}}], 64, -1) = 1
accept4(4, {sa_family=AF_UNIX}, [16 => 2], SOCK_CLOEXEC) = 9
......
getsockname(9, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, sun_path=@"/tmp/dbus-wDGbb9EnNy"}, [128 => 23]) = 0
getsockopt(9, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, "unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconf"..., [256 => 54]) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 9, {events=EPOLLET, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239999) = 1
recvmsg(9, {msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="\0", iov_len=1}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 1
getsockopt(9, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, {pid=2569, uid=0, gid=0}, [12]) = 0
getsockopt(9, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, "unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconf"..., [1024 => 54]) = 0
read(9, 0x56165597ac60, 2048) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239999) = 1
read(9, "AUTH EXTERNAL 30\r\n", 2048) = 18
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLET, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239998) = 1
sendto(9, "OK c9903731c29e5c96c5510d8c6604d"..., 37, MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, 0) = 37
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239997) = 1
read(9, "NEGOTIATE_UNIX_FD\r\n", 2048) = 19
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLET, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239997) = 1
sendto(9, "AGREE_UNIX_FD\r\n", 15, MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, 0) = 15
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239997) = 1
read(9, "BEGIN\r\n", 2048) = 7
geteuid() = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239996) = 1
recvmsg(9, {msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="l\1\0\1\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0m\0\0\0\1\1o\0\25\0\0\0/org/fre"..., iov_len=2048}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC}, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = 128
recvmsg(9, {msg_namelen=0}, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)

3、ctyunos自研组件ctsinstaller中的dbus

ctsinstaller中使用的是开源组件dasbus作为dbus协议的实现，为ctsinstaller提供了进程间通信的功能

使用busctl工具可以看到各个模块在守护进程中注册的总线名，如下所示：

4、zbus介绍和相关工具介绍

zbus 是一个用于在 Rust 中进行 D-Bus 通信的库。zbus 库提供了一个简单而强大的方式来实现与 D-Bus 服务的交互，使得 Rust 程序可以方便地与其他通过 D-Bus 提供的服务进行通信。 zbus提供了对 D-Bus 基本概念（如对象、接口、方法调用等）的抽象，使得 Rust 开发者可以专注于业务逻辑而不必过多关注底层的通信细节。zbus 支持异步/同步操作，可以与 tokio 或 async-std 这样的异步运行时库集成，以实现非阻塞的 D-Bus 通信。此外，zbus 还提供了代码生成工具，可以根据 D-Bus 接口定义语言（xml）文件自动生成 Rust 的类型安全的接口代码，简化了开发过程并提高了代码的可维护性。仓库地址：[GitHub - dbus2/zbus: Rust D-Bus crate.]

4.1 接口转换

1）dasbus中通过XMLGenerator将接口文件生成xml文件

from dasbus.xml import XMLGenerator

@dbus_interface(xxx.interface_name)
class xxxInterface:
xxx

if __name__ == "__main__":
# Print the generated XML specification.
print(XMLGenerator.prettify_xml(xxxInterface.__dbus_xml__))

2）在zbus中使用

cd /zbus/zbus_xmlgen/
cargo build
cd ../target/debug
./zbus-xmlgen file xxx.xml

例如将如下python接口文件转换rust接口crate：

@dbus_interface(TIMEZONE.interface_name)
class TimezoneInterface(KickstartModuleInterface):
def connect_signals(self):
super().connect_signals()
self.watch_property("Timezone", self.implementation.timezone_changed)
self.watch_property("IsUTC", self.implementation.is_utc_changed)
self.watch_property("NTPEnabled", self.implementation.ntp_enabled_changed)
self.watch_property("TimeSources", self.implementation.time_sources_changed)

     @property
     def Timezone(self) -> Str:
         return self.implementation.timezone
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetTimezone(self, timezone: Str):
         self.implementation.set_timezone(timezone)
 
     @property
     def IsUTC(self) -> Bool:
         return self.implementation.is_utc
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetIsUTC(self, is_utc: Bool):
         self.implementation.set_is_utc(is_utc)
 
     @property
     def NTPEnabled(self) -> Bool:
         return self.implementation.ntp_enabled
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetNTPEnabled(self, ntp_enabled: Bool):
         self.implementation.set_ntp_enabled(ntp_enabled)
 
     @property
     def TimeSources(self) -> List[Structure]:
         return CtsTimeSourceData.to_structure_list(
             self.implementation.time_sources
         )
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetTimeSources(self, sources: List[Structure]):
         self.implementation.set_time_sources(
             CtsTimeSourceData.from_structure_list(sources)
         )
 
     def ConfigureNTPServiceEnablementWithTask(self, ntp_excluded: Bool) -> ObjPath:
         return TaskContainer.to_object_path(
             self.implementation.configure_ntp_service_enablement_with_task(ntp_excluded)
         )
}

生成的xml文件：

<node>
<!--Specifies TimezoneInterface-->
<interface name="org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules">
<method name="CollectRequirements">
<arg direction="out" name="return" type="aa{sv}"></arg>
</method>
<method name="ConfigureBootloaderWithTasks">
<arg direction="in" name="kernel_versions" type="as"></arg>
<arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="ConfigureWithTasks">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="GenerateKickstart">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="s"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="InstallWithTasks">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
     <property access="read" name="KickstartAddons" type="as"></property>
     <property access="read" name="KickstartCommands" type="as"></property>
     <property access="read" name="KickstartSections" type="as"></property>
     <property access="read" name="Kickstarted" type="b"></property>
     <method name="Quit"></method>
     <method name="ReadKickstart">
       <arg direction="in" name="kickstart" type="s"></arg>
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="a{sv}"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetKickstarted">
       <arg direction="in" name="kickstarted" type="b"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetLocale">
       <arg direction="in" name="locale" type="s"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="TeardownWithTasks">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
   </interface>
   <interface name="org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone">
     <property access="read" name="IsUTC" type="b"></property>
     <property access="read" name="NTPEnabled" type="b"></property>
     <method name="SetIsUTC">
       <arg direction="in" name="is_utc" type="b"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetNTPEnabled">
       <arg direction="in" name="ntp_enabled" type="b"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetTimeSources">
       <arg direction="in" name="sources" type="aa{sv}"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetTimezone">
       <arg direction="in" name="timezone" type="s"></arg>
     </method>
     <property access="read" name="TimeSources" type="aa{sv}"></property>
     <property access="read" name="Timezone" type="s"></property>
   </interface>
</node>

最后通过zbusxmlgen产生的接口crate如下所示：

use zbus::proxy;
#[proxy(
interface = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone",
assume_defaults = true
)]
trait Timezone {
/// SetIsUTC method
#[zbus(name = "SetIsUTC")]
fn set_is_utc(&self, is_utc: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetNTPEnabled method
     #[zbus(name = "SetNTPEnabled")]
     fn set_ntpenabled(&self, ntp_enabled: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimeSources method
     fn set_time_sources(
         &self,
         sources: &[std::collections::HashMap<&str, zbus::zvariant::Value<'_>>],
     ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimezone method
     fn set_timezone(&self, timezone: &str) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// IsUTC property
     #[zbus(property, name = "IsUTC")]
     fn is_utc(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// NTPEnabled property
     #[zbus(property, name = "NTPEnabled")]
     fn ntpenabled(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// TimeSources property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn time_sources(
         &self,
     ) -> zbus::Result<Vec<std::collections::HashMap<String, zbus::zvariant::OwnedValue>>>;
 
     /// Timezone property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn timezone(&self) -> zbus::Result<String>;
}

4.2 busctl

busctl 是一个用于在 Linux 系统上进行 D-Bus 调试和管理的命令行工具。它提供了一种方便的方式来查看系统中正在运行的 D-Bus 服务、对象和接口，以及与这些服务进行交互和调试。使用 busctl，你可以执行诸如以下操作：

列出系统上当前运行的 D-Bus 服务，并查看其状态

显示特定服务的对象和接口

查看服务提供的方法和信号

进行方法调用和接收信号

监视 D-Bus 总线上的消息流

通过 busctl，开发人员可以方便地检查和调试他们的 D-Bus 服务，观察各个服务之间的通信，以及验证 D-Bus 接口的正确性。此外，busctl 还可以用于管理系统上的 D-Bus 服务，例如启动、停止或重新加载服务。例如使用busctl列出系统上当前运行的 D-Bus 服务，并查看其状态：

使用busctl模拟向服务端发送消息：

[root@localhost ~]# DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963 busctl --user call org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone /org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties Get ss "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone" "Timezone"
v s "Asia/Shanghai"

4.3 dbus-send

dbus-send支持向指定的 D-Bus 地址发送消息，从而与其他应用程序或服务进行通信。

该功能的作用和busctl call有些类似，如下所示：

[root@localhost ~]# DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963 dbus-send --session --print-reply --dest=org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone /org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get string:"org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone" string:"Timezone"
method return time=1711595697.877459 sender=:1.9 -> destination=:1.12 serial=29 reply_serial=2
variant string "Asia/Shanghai"

4.4 dbus-monitor

dbus-monitor 是一个用于在 Linux 系统上监听和显示 D-Bus 消息的命令行工具。通过 dbus-monitor，你可以实时查看系统中正在传输的 D-Bus 消息，包括方法调用、信号发送等，有助于开发人员了解各个应用程序之间的通信过程。使用如下指令启动dbus-monitor:

DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963 dbus-monitor

以点击timezone为例，dbus-monitor捕获到的通信过程如下：

method call time=1711595929.609401 sender=:1.0 -> destination=org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone serial=309 path=/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=Get
string "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone"
string "Timezone"
method return time=1711595929.609584 sender=:1.9 -> destination=:1.0 serial=34 reply_serial=309
variant string "Asia/Shanghai"
method call time=1711595929.610841 sender=:1.0 -> destination=org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone serial=310 path=/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=Get
string "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone"
string "Timezone"
method return time=1711595929.611543 sender=:1.9 -> destination=:1.0 serial=35 reply_serial=310
variant string "Asia/Shanghai"
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963

5、基于zbus,tui-rs的tui方案demo演示

5.1、最终效果

5.1、基于zbus,tui-rs的客户端代码：

use crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
};
use std::{io, time::Duration};
use tui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
layout::{Constraint, Direction, Layout,Rect},
     style::{Color, Modifier, Style},
     text::{Span, Spans},
     widgets::{Block, Borders, Paragraph},
     Frame, Terminal,
 };
 use zbus::{Connection, Result, proxy};
 
 #[proxy(
     interface = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone",
     default_service = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone",
     default_path = "/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone",
     assume_defaults = true
 )]
 trait Timezone {
     /// SetIsUTC method
     #[zbus(name = "SetIsUTC")]
     fn set_is_utc(&self, is_utc: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetNTPEnabled method
     #[zbus(name = "SetNTPEnabled")]
     fn set_ntpenabled(&self, ntp_enabled: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimeSources method
     fn set_time_sources(
         &self,
         sources: &[std::collections::HashMap<&str, zbus::zvariant::Value<'_>>],
     ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimezone method
     fn set_timezone(&self, timezone: &str) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// IsUTC property
     #[zbus(property, name = "IsUTC")]
     fn is_utc(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// NTPEnabled property
     #[zbus(property, name = "NTPEnabled")]
     fn ntpenabled(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// TimeSources property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn time_sources(
         &self,
     ) -> zbus::Result<Vec<std::collections::HashMap<String, zbus::zvariant::OwnedValue>>>;
 
     /// Timezone property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn timezone(&self) -> zbus::Result<String>;
 }
 
 #[proxy(
     interface = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Storage.DiskSelection",
     default_service = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Storage",
     default_path = "/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Storage/DiskSelection",
     assume_defaults = true
 )]
 trait DiskSelection {
     /// GetUsableDisks method
     fn get_usable_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;
 
     /// SetDiskImages method
     fn set_disk_images(
         &self,
         disk_images: std::collections::HashMap<&str, &str>,
     ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetExclusiveDisks method
     fn set_exclusive_disks(&self, drives: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetIgnoredDisks method
     fn set_ignored_disks(&self, drives: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetProtectedDevices method
     fn set_protected_devices(&self, devices: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetSelectedDisks method
     fn set_selected_disks(&self, drives: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// ValidateSelectedDisks method
     fn validate_selected_disks(
         &self,
         drives: &[&str],
     ) -> zbus::Result<std::collections::HashMap<String, zbus::zvariant::OwnedValue>>;
 
     /// DiskImages property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn disk_images(&self) -> zbus::Result<std::collections::HashMap<String, String>>;
 
     /// ExclusiveDisks property
     #[zbus(property)]
    fn exclusive_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;

    /// IgnoredDisks property
    #[zbus(property)]
    fn ignored_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;

    /// ProtectedDevices property
    #[zbus(property)]
    fn protected_devices(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;

    /// SelectedDisks property
    #[zbus(property)]
    fn selected_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;
}

struct App {
    reply_from_server: String, // 存放一些数据或者 UI 状态
}
#[async_std::main]
//async fn main() -> Result<()> {
async fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), io::Error> {
    let connection_timezone = Connection::session().await.expect("连接失败");
    let proxy_timezone = TimezoneProxy::new(&connection_timezone).await.expect("创建代理失败");
    let reply_timezone = proxy_timezone.timezone().await.expect("获取数据失败");

    let connection_diskselect = Connection::session().await.expect("连接失败");
    let proxy_diskselect = DiskSelectionProxy::new(&connection_diskselect).await.expect("创建代理失败");
    let reply_diskselect = proxy_diskselect.get_usable_disks().await.expect("获取数据失败");
    let usabledisk = reply_diskselect.get(0);
    let reply = usabledisk.unwrap();

    // 初始化终端
    enable_raw_mode()?;
    let mut stdout = io::stdout();
    execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
    let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
    let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
    let mut apps : [ App; 2] = [
        App {reply_from_server: String::from(reply_timezone),},
        App {reply_from_server: String::from(reply),}
    ];
    // 渲染界面
    run_app(&mut terminal, apps)?;
    // 恢复终端
    disable_raw_mode()?;
    execute!(
        terminal.backend_mut(),
        LeaveAlternateScreen,
        DisableMouseCapture
    )?;
    terminal.show_cursor()?;

    Ok(())
}

fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>, mut apps: [App;2]) -> io::Result<()> {
    loop {
        terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &mut apps))?;
        if crossterm::event::poll(Duration::from_secs(1))? {
            if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
                match key.code {
                    KeyCode::Char(ch) => {
                        if 'q' == ch {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        }
     }
    Ok(())
}

fn ui<B: Backend>(f: &mut Frame<B>, apps: &mut [App; 2]) {
    let total_height = f.size().height;

    let first_paragraph_height = total_height / 2; 

    let first_chunk = Rect::new(0, 0, f.size().width, first_paragraph_height);
    let second_chunk = Rect::new(0, first_paragraph_height, f.size().width, total_height - first_paragraph_height);

    let paragraph1 = Paragraph::new(Spans::from(vec![
        Span::styled(
            apps[0].reply_from_server.as_str(),
            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD).fg(Color::Green), // 设置文字颜色为绿色
        )
    ]))
    .block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title("Current time zone").title_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red)))
    .alignment(tui::layout::Alignment::Left);
    f.render_widget(paragraph1, first_chunk);

    let paragraph2 = Paragraph::new(Spans::from(vec![
        Span::styled(
            apps[1].reply_from_server.as_str(),
            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD).fg(Color::Green), // 设置文字颜色为绿色
        )
    ]))
    .block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title("Current disk").title_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red)))
    .alignment(tui::layout::Alignment::Left);
    f.render_widget(paragraph2, second_chunk);
}

1、DBUS的概念和基本原理

每个连接都有一个唯一名，但不一定有公共名。

只有唯一名而没有公共名叫做私有连接，因为它们没有提供可以通过公共名访问的服务。

Interfaces：在每个Object Paths下都包含有多个接口（Interfaces），举例如下接口：

org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable

org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties

org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher

红色的两个是消息总线提供的标准接口，而剩下的一个是需要具体的应用去实现的。

Methods和Signals**：**

Methods表示可以被具体调用的方法

接下来通过一个小例子来演示dbus之间通信的过程：

server端：

use std::{error::Error, future::pending};  			
use zbus::{connection, interface};  			 			
struct Greeter {  			
    count: u64  			
}  			
  			
#[interface(name = "org	zbus	MyGreeter1")]  	
impl Greeter {  			
			
    fn say_hello(&mut self, name: &str) -> String {  			
        self	count += 1;  		
        format!("Hello {}! I have been called {} times", name, self.count)  		
    }  			
}  			
  			
  			
#[async_std::main]  			
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {  			
    let greeter = Greeter { count: 0 };  			
    print!("I am a server test");  			
    let _conn = connection::Builder::session()?  			
        	name("org zbus MyGreeter")?  
        	serve_at("/org/zbus/MyGreeter", greeter)?  		
        	build()  		
        	await?;  		
  		
    pending::<()>().await;  				
    Ok(())  			
}

Client端：

use zbus::{Connection, Result, proxy};  
  
#[proxy(  
    interface = "org.zbus.MyGreeter1",  
    default_service = "org.zbus.MyGreeter",  
    default_path = "/org/zbus/MyGreeter"  
)]  
trait MyGreeter {  
    async fn say_hello(&self, name: &str) -> Result<String>;  
}  
  
// Although we use `async-std` here, you can use any async runtime of choice
#[async_std::main]  
async fn main() -> Result<()> {  
    let connection = Connection::session().await?;  
  
    // `proxy` macro creates `MyGreeterProxy` based on `Notifications` trait
    let proxy = MyGreeterProxy::new(&connection).await?;  
    let reply = proxy.say_hello("Maria").await?;  
    println!("{reply}");  
  
    Ok(())  
}

效果展示：

通信过程展示(以守护进程dbus-daemon为例)：

socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_AUDIT) = 5
......
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 6, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=6, u64=6}}) = 0
......
socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, [7, 8]) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 7, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=7, u64=7}}) = 0
......
epoll_wait(3,[{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=4, u64=4}}], 64, -1) = 1
accept4(4, {sa_family=AF_UNIX}, [16 => 2], SOCK_CLOEXEC) = 9
......
getsockname(9, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, sun_path=@"/tmp/dbus-wDGbb9EnNy"}, [128 => 23]) = 0
getsockopt(9, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, "unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconf"..., [256 => 54]) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 9, {events=EPOLLET, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239999) = 1
recvmsg(9, {msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="\0", iov_len=1}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 1
getsockopt(9, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, {pid=2569, uid=0, gid=0}, [12]) = 0
getsockopt(9, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, "unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconf"..., [1024 => 54]) = 0
read(9, 0x56165597ac60, 2048) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239999) = 1
read(9, "AUTH EXTERNAL 30\r\n", 2048) = 18
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLET, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239998) = 1
sendto(9, "OK c9903731c29e5c96c5510d8c6604d"..., 37, MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, 0) = 37
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239997) = 1
read(9, "NEGOTIATE_UNIX_FD\r\n", 2048) = 19
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLET, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239997) = 1
sendto(9, "AGREE_UNIX_FD\r\n", 15, MSG_NOSIGNAL, NULL, 0) = 15
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, 9, {events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239997) = 1
read(9, "BEGIN\r\n", 2048) = 7
geteuid() = 0
epoll_wait(3, [{events=EPOLLIN, data={u32=9, u64=9}}], 64, 239996) = 1
recvmsg(9, {msg_name=NULL, msg_namelen=0, msg_iov=[{iov_base="l\1\0\1\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0m\0\0\0\1\1o\0\25\0\0\0/org/fre"..., iov_len=2048}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC}, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = 128
recvmsg(9, {msg_namelen=0}, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)

3、ctyunos自研组件ctsinstaller中的dbus

ctsinstaller中使用的是开源组件dasbus作为dbus协议的实现，为ctsinstaller提供了进程间通信的功能

使用busctl工具可以看到各个模块在守护进程中注册的总线名，如下所示：

4、zbus介绍和相关工具介绍

4.1 接口转换

1）dasbus中通过XMLGenerator将接口文件生成xml文件

from dasbus.xml import XMLGenerator

@dbus_interface(xxx.interface_name)
class xxxInterface:
xxx

if __name__ == "__main__":
# Print the generated XML specification.
print(XMLGenerator.prettify_xml(xxxInterface.__dbus_xml__))

2）在zbus中使用

cd /zbus/zbus_xmlgen/
cargo build
cd ../target/debug
./zbus-xmlgen file xxx.xml

例如将如下python接口文件转换rust接口crate：

@dbus_interface(TIMEZONE.interface_name)
class TimezoneInterface(KickstartModuleInterface):
def connect_signals(self):
super().connect_signals()
self.watch_property("Timezone", self.implementation.timezone_changed)
self.watch_property("IsUTC", self.implementation.is_utc_changed)
self.watch_property("NTPEnabled", self.implementation.ntp_enabled_changed)
self.watch_property("TimeSources", self.implementation.time_sources_changed)

     @property
     def Timezone(self) -> Str:
         return self.implementation.timezone
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetTimezone(self, timezone: Str):
         self.implementation.set_timezone(timezone)
 
     @property
     def IsUTC(self) -> Bool:
         return self.implementation.is_utc
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetIsUTC(self, is_utc: Bool):
         self.implementation.set_is_utc(is_utc)
 
     @property
     def NTPEnabled(self) -> Bool:
         return self.implementation.ntp_enabled
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetNTPEnabled(self, ntp_enabled: Bool):
         self.implementation.set_ntp_enabled(ntp_enabled)
 
     @property
     def TimeSources(self) -> List[Structure]:
         return CtsTimeSourceData.to_structure_list(
             self.implementation.time_sources
         )
 
     @emits_properties_changed
     def SetTimeSources(self, sources: List[Structure]):
         self.implementation.set_time_sources(
             CtsTimeSourceData.from_structure_list(sources)
         )
 
     def ConfigureNTPServiceEnablementWithTask(self, ntp_excluded: Bool) -> ObjPath:
         return TaskContainer.to_object_path(
             self.implementation.configure_ntp_service_enablement_with_task(ntp_excluded)
         )
}

生成的xml文件：

<node>
<!--Specifies TimezoneInterface-->
<interface name="org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules">
<method name="CollectRequirements">
<arg direction="out" name="return" type="aa{sv}"></arg>
</method>
<method name="ConfigureBootloaderWithTasks">
<arg direction="in" name="kernel_versions" type="as"></arg>
<arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="ConfigureWithTasks">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="GenerateKickstart">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="s"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="InstallWithTasks">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
     <property access="read" name="KickstartAddons" type="as"></property>
     <property access="read" name="KickstartCommands" type="as"></property>
     <property access="read" name="KickstartSections" type="as"></property>
     <property access="read" name="Kickstarted" type="b"></property>
     <method name="Quit"></method>
     <method name="ReadKickstart">
       <arg direction="in" name="kickstart" type="s"></arg>
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="a{sv}"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetKickstarted">
       <arg direction="in" name="kickstarted" type="b"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetLocale">
       <arg direction="in" name="locale" type="s"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="TeardownWithTasks">
       <arg direction="out" name="return" type="ao"></arg>
     </method>
   </interface>
   <interface name="org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone">
     <property access="read" name="IsUTC" type="b"></property>
     <property access="read" name="NTPEnabled" type="b"></property>
     <method name="SetIsUTC">
       <arg direction="in" name="is_utc" type="b"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetNTPEnabled">
       <arg direction="in" name="ntp_enabled" type="b"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetTimeSources">
       <arg direction="in" name="sources" type="aa{sv}"></arg>
     </method>
     <method name="SetTimezone">
       <arg direction="in" name="timezone" type="s"></arg>
     </method>
     <property access="read" name="TimeSources" type="aa{sv}"></property>
     <property access="read" name="Timezone" type="s"></property>
   </interface>
</node>

最后通过zbusxmlgen产生的接口crate如下所示：

use zbus::proxy;
#[proxy(
interface = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone",
assume_defaults = true
)]
trait Timezone {
/// SetIsUTC method
#[zbus(name = "SetIsUTC")]
fn set_is_utc(&self, is_utc: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetNTPEnabled method
     #[zbus(name = "SetNTPEnabled")]
     fn set_ntpenabled(&self, ntp_enabled: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimeSources method
     fn set_time_sources(
         &self,
         sources: &[std::collections::HashMap<&str, zbus::zvariant::Value<'_>>],
     ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimezone method
     fn set_timezone(&self, timezone: &str) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// IsUTC property
     #[zbus(property, name = "IsUTC")]
     fn is_utc(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// NTPEnabled property
     #[zbus(property, name = "NTPEnabled")]
     fn ntpenabled(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// TimeSources property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn time_sources(
         &self,
     ) -> zbus::Result<Vec<std::collections::HashMap<String, zbus::zvariant::OwnedValue>>>;
 
     /// Timezone property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn timezone(&self) -> zbus::Result<String>;
}

4.2 busctl

列出系统上当前运行的 D-Bus 服务，并查看其状态

显示特定服务的对象和接口

查看服务提供的方法和信号

进行方法调用和接收信号

监视 D-Bus 总线上的消息流

使用busctl模拟向服务端发送消息：

[root@localhost ~]# DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963 busctl --user call org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone /org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties Get ss "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone" "Timezone"
v s "Asia/Shanghai"

4.3 dbus-send

dbus-send支持向指定的 D-Bus 地址发送消息，从而与其他应用程序或服务进行通信。

该功能的作用和busctl call有些类似，如下所示：

[root@localhost ~]# DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963 dbus-send --session --print-reply --dest=org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone /org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get string:"org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone" string:"Timezone"
method return time=1711595697.877459 sender=:1.9 -> destination=:1.12 serial=29 reply_serial=2
variant string "Asia/Shanghai"

4.4 dbus-monitor

DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963 dbus-monitor

以点击timezone为例，dbus-monitor捕获到的通信过程如下：

method call time=1711595929.609401 sender=:1.0 -> destination=org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone serial=309 path=/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=Get
string "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone"
string "Timezone"
method return time=1711595929.609584 sender=:1.9 -> destination=:1.0 serial=34 reply_serial=309
variant string "Asia/Shanghai"
method call time=1711595929.610841 sender=:1.0 -> destination=org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone serial=310 path=/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone; interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties; member=Get
string "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone"
string "Timezone"
method return time=1711595929.611543 sender=:1.9 -> destination=:1.0 serial=35 reply_serial=310
variant string "Asia/Shanghai"
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-8KZouPMO67,guid=a48fd7dd93566f0856f1983b6604d963

5、基于zbus,tui-rs的tui方案demo演示

5.1、最终效果

5.1、基于zbus,tui-rs的客户端代码：

use crossterm::{
event::{self, DisableMouseCapture, EnableMouseCapture, Event, KeyCode},
execute,
terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},
};
use std::{io, time::Duration};
use tui::{
backend::{Backend, CrosstermBackend},
layout::{Constraint, Direction, Layout,Rect},
     style::{Color, Modifier, Style},
     text::{Span, Spans},
     widgets::{Block, Borders, Paragraph},
     Frame, Terminal,
 };
 use zbus::{Connection, Result, proxy};
 
 #[proxy(
     interface = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone",
     default_service = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Timezone",
     default_path = "/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Timezone",
     assume_defaults = true
 )]
 trait Timezone {
     /// SetIsUTC method
     #[zbus(name = "SetIsUTC")]
     fn set_is_utc(&self, is_utc: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetNTPEnabled method
     #[zbus(name = "SetNTPEnabled")]
     fn set_ntpenabled(&self, ntp_enabled: bool) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimeSources method
     fn set_time_sources(
         &self,
         sources: &[std::collections::HashMap<&str, zbus::zvariant::Value<'_>>],
     ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetTimezone method
     fn set_timezone(&self, timezone: &str) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// IsUTC property
     #[zbus(property, name = "IsUTC")]
     fn is_utc(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// NTPEnabled property
     #[zbus(property, name = "NTPEnabled")]
     fn ntpenabled(&self) -> zbus::Result<bool>;
 
     /// TimeSources property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn time_sources(
         &self,
     ) -> zbus::Result<Vec<std::collections::HashMap<String, zbus::zvariant::OwnedValue>>>;
 
     /// Timezone property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn timezone(&self) -> zbus::Result<String>;
 }
 
 #[proxy(
     interface = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Storage.DiskSelection",
     default_service = "org.fedoraproject.CTsInstaller.Modules.Storage",
     default_path = "/org/fedoraproject/CTsInstaller/Modules/Storage/DiskSelection",
     assume_defaults = true
 )]
 trait DiskSelection {
     /// GetUsableDisks method
     fn get_usable_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;
 
     /// SetDiskImages method
     fn set_disk_images(
         &self,
         disk_images: std::collections::HashMap<&str, &str>,
     ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetExclusiveDisks method
     fn set_exclusive_disks(&self, drives: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetIgnoredDisks method
     fn set_ignored_disks(&self, drives: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetProtectedDevices method
     fn set_protected_devices(&self, devices: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// SetSelectedDisks method
     fn set_selected_disks(&self, drives: &[&str]) -> zbus::Result<()>;
 
     /// ValidateSelectedDisks method
     fn validate_selected_disks(
         &self,
         drives: &[&str],
     ) -> zbus::Result<std::collections::HashMap<String, zbus::zvariant::OwnedValue>>;
 
     /// DiskImages property
     #[zbus(property)]
     fn disk_images(&self) -> zbus::Result<std::collections::HashMap<String, String>>;
 
     /// ExclusiveDisks property
     #[zbus(property)]
    fn exclusive_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;

    /// IgnoredDisks property
    #[zbus(property)]
    fn ignored_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;

    /// ProtectedDevices property
    #[zbus(property)]
    fn protected_devices(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;

    /// SelectedDisks property
    #[zbus(property)]
    fn selected_disks(&self) -> zbus::Result<Vec<String>>;
}

struct App {
    reply_from_server: String, // 存放一些数据或者 UI 状态
}
#[async_std::main]
//async fn main() -> Result<()> {
async fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), io::Error> {
    let connection_timezone = Connection::session().await.expect("连接失败");
    let proxy_timezone = TimezoneProxy::new(&connection_timezone).await.expect("创建代理失败");
    let reply_timezone = proxy_timezone.timezone().await.expect("获取数据失败");

    let connection_diskselect = Connection::session().await.expect("连接失败");
    let proxy_diskselect = DiskSelectionProxy::new(&connection_diskselect).await.expect("创建代理失败");
    let reply_diskselect = proxy_diskselect.get_usable_disks().await.expect("获取数据失败");
    let usabledisk = reply_diskselect.get(0);
    let reply = usabledisk.unwrap();

    // 初始化终端
    enable_raw_mode()?;
    let mut stdout = io::stdout();
    execute!(stdout, EnterAlternateScreen, EnableMouseCapture)?;
    let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout);
    let mut terminal = Terminal::new(backend)?;
    let mut apps : [ App; 2] = [
        App {reply_from_server: String::from(reply_timezone),},
        App {reply_from_server: String::from(reply),}
    ];
    // 渲染界面
    run_app(&mut terminal, apps)?;
    // 恢复终端
    disable_raw_mode()?;
    execute!(
        terminal.backend_mut(),
        LeaveAlternateScreen,
        DisableMouseCapture
    )?;
    terminal.show_cursor()?;

    Ok(())
}

fn run_app<B: Backend>(terminal: &mut Terminal<B>, mut apps: [App;2]) -> io::Result<()> {
    loop {
        terminal.draw(|f| ui(f, &mut apps))?;
        if crossterm::event::poll(Duration::from_secs(1))? {
            if let Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {
                match key.code {
                    KeyCode::Char(ch) => {
                        if 'q' == ch {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        }
     }
    Ok(())
}

fn ui<B: Backend>(f: &mut Frame<B>, apps: &mut [App; 2]) {
    let total_height = f.size().height;

    let first_paragraph_height = total_height / 2; 

    let first_chunk = Rect::new(0, 0, f.size().width, first_paragraph_height);
    let second_chunk = Rect::new(0, first_paragraph_height, f.size().width, total_height - first_paragraph_height);

    let paragraph1 = Paragraph::new(Spans::from(vec![
        Span::styled(
            apps[0].reply_from_server.as_str(),
            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD).fg(Color::Green), // 设置文字颜色为绿色
        )
    ]))
    .block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title("Current time zone").title_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red)))
    .alignment(tui::layout::Alignment::Left);
    f.render_widget(paragraph1, first_chunk);

    let paragraph2 = Paragraph::new(Spans::from(vec![
        Span::styled(
            apps[1].reply_from_server.as_str(),
            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD).fg(Color::Green), // 设置文字颜色为绿色
        )
    ]))
    .block(Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title("Current disk").title_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Red)))
    .alignment(tui::layout::Alignment::Left);
    f.render_widget(paragraph2, second_chunk);
}

智算服务

应用商城

合作伙伴

开发者

支持与服务

了解天翼云

认识DBUS(一)

1、DBUS的概念和基本原理

3、ctyunos自研组件ctsinstaller中的dbus

4、zbus介绍和相关工具介绍

4.1 接口转换

4.2 busctl

4.3 dbus-send

4.4 dbus-monitor

5、基于zbus,tui-rs的tui方案demo演示

认识DBUS(一)

1、DBUS的概念和基本原理

3、ctyunos自研组件ctsinstaller中的dbus

4、zbus介绍和相关工具介绍

4.1 接口转换

4.2 busctl

4.3 dbus-send

4.4 dbus-monitor

5、基于zbus,tui-rs的tui方案demo演示

活动

智算服务

应用商城

合作伙伴

开发者

支持与服务

了解天翼云

认识DBUS(一)

1、DBUS的概念和基本原理

3、ctyunos自研组件ctsinstaller中的dbus

4、zbus介绍和相关工具介绍

4.1 接口转换

4.2 busctl

4.3 dbus-send

4.4 dbus-monitor

5、基于zbus,tui-rs的tui方案demo演示

认识DBUS(一)

1、DBUS的概念和基本原理

3、ctyunos自研组件ctsinstaller中的dbus

4、zbus介绍和相关工具介绍

4.1 接口转换

4.2 busctl

4.3 dbus-send

4.4 dbus-monitor

5、基于zbus,tui-rs的tui方案demo演示