一.Python介绍

Python由荷兰数学和计算机科学研究学会的吉多·范罗苏姆于1990年代初设计，作为一门叫做ABC语言的替代品。   Python提供了高效的高级数据结构，还能简单有效地面向对象编程。Python语法和动态类型，以及解释型语言的本质，使它成为多数平台上写脚本和快速开发应用的编程语言， [ 随着版本的不断更新和语言新功能的添加，逐渐被用于独立的、大型项目的开发。

二.游戏效果呈现

 三.主代码

'''
Function:
    外星人入侵小游戏

'''
import os
import sys
import cfg
import random
import pygame
from modules import *


'''开始游戏'''
def startGame(screen):
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    # 加载字体
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 18)
    if not os.path.isfile('score'):
        f = open('score', 'w')
        f.write('0')
        f.close()
    with open('score', 'r') as f:
        highest_score = int(f.read().strip())
    # 敌方
    enemies_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    for i in range(55):
        if i < 11:
            enemy = enemySprite('small', i, cfg.WHITE, cfg.WHITE)
        elif i < 33:
            enemy = enemySprite('medium', i, cfg.WHITE, cfg.WHITE)
        else:
            enemy = enemySprite('large', i, cfg.WHITE, cfg.WHITE)
        enemy.rect.x = 85 + (i % 11) * 50
        enemy.rect.y = 120 + (i // 11) * 45
        enemies_group.add(enemy)
    boomed_enemies_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    en_bullets_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    ufo = ufoSprite(color=cfg.RED)
    # 我方
    myaircraft = aircraftSprite(color=cfg.GREEN, bullet_color=cfg.WHITE)
    my_bullets_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    # 用于控制敌方位置更新
    # --移动一行
    enemy_move_count = 24
    enemy_move_interval = 24
    enemy_move_flag = False
    # --改变移动方向(改变方向的同时集体下降一次)
    enemy_change_direction_count = 0
    enemy_change_direction_interval = 60
    enemy_need_down = False
    enemy_move_right = True
    enemy_need_move_row = 6
    enemy_max_row = 5
    # 用于控制敌方发射子弹
    enemy_shot_interval = 100
    enemy_shot_count = 0
    enemy_shot_flag = False
    # 游戏进行中
    running = True
    is_win = False
    # 主循环
    while running:
        screen.fill(cfg.BLACK)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            # --点右上角的X或者按Esc键退出游戏
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
            # --射击
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                my_bullet = myaircraft.shot()
                if my_bullet:
                    my_bullets_group.add(my_bullet)
        # --我方子弹与敌方/UFO碰撞检测
        for enemy in enemies_group:
            if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(enemy, my_bullets_group, True, None):
                boomed_enemies_group.add(enemy)
                enemies_group.remove(enemy)
                myaircraft.score += enemy.reward
        if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(ufo, my_bullets_group, True, None):
            ufo.is_dead = True
            myaircraft.score += ufo.reward
        # --更新并画敌方
        # ----敌方子弹
        enemy_shot_count += 1
        if enemy_shot_count > enemy_shot_interval:
            enemy_shot_flag = True
            enemies_survive_list = [enemy.number for enemy in enemies_group]
            shot_number = random.choice(enemies_survive_list)
            enemy_shot_count = 0
        # ----敌方移动
        enemy_move_count += 1
        if enemy_move_count > enemy_move_interval:
            enemy_move_count = 0
            enemy_move_flag = True
            enemy_need_move_row -= 1
            if enemy_need_move_row == 0:
                enemy_need_move_row = enemy_max_row
            enemy_change_direction_count += 1
            if enemy_change_direction_count > enemy_change_direction_interval:
                enemy_change_direction_count = 1
                enemy_move_right = not enemy_move_right
                enemy_need_down = True
                # ----每次下降提高移动和射击速度
                enemy_move_interval = max(15, enemy_move_interval-3)
                enemy_shot_interval = max(50, enemy_move_interval-10)
        # ----遍历更新
        for enemy in enemies_group:
            if enemy_shot_flag:
                if enemy.number == shot_number:
                    en_bullet = enemy.shot()
                    en_bullets_group.add(en_bullet)
            if enemy_move_flag:
                if enemy.number in range((enemy_need_move_row-1)*11, enemy_need_move_row*11):
                    if enemy_move_right:
                        enemy.update('right', cfg.SCREENSIZE[1])
                    else:
                        enemy.update('left', cfg.SCREENSIZE[1])
            else:
                enemy.update(None, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1])
            if enemy_need_down:
                if enemy.update('down', cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]):
                    running = False
                    is_win = False
                enemy.change_count -= 1
            enemy.draw(screen)
        enemy_move_flag = False
        enemy_need_down = False
        enemy_shot_flag = False
        # ----敌方爆炸特效
        for boomed_enemy in boomed_enemies_group:
            if boomed_enemy.boom(screen):
                boomed_enemies_group.remove(boomed_enemy)
                del boomed_enemy
        # --敌方子弹与我方飞船碰撞检测
        if not myaircraft.one_dead:
            if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(myaircraft, en_bullets_group, True, None):
                myaircraft.one_dead = True
        if myaircraft.one_dead:
            if myaircraft.boom(screen):
                myaircraft.resetBoom()
                myaircraft.num_life -= 1
                if myaircraft.num_life < 1:
                    running = False
                    is_win = False
        else:
            # ----更新飞船
            myaircraft.update(cfg.SCREENSIZE[0])
            # ----画飞船
            myaircraft.draw(screen)
        if (not ufo.has_boomed) and (ufo.is_dead):
            if ufo.boom(screen):
                ufo.has_boomed = True
        else:
            # ----更新UFO
            ufo.update(cfg.SCREENSIZE[0])
            # ----画UFO
            ufo.draw(screen)
        # --画我方飞船子弹
        for bullet in my_bullets_group:
            if bullet.update():
                my_bullets_group.remove(bullet)
                del bullet
            else:
                bullet.draw(screen)
        # --画敌方子弹
        for bullet in en_bullets_group:
            if bullet.update(cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]):
                en_bullets_group.remove(bullet)
                del bullet
            else:
                bullet.draw(screen)
        if myaircraft.score > highest_score:
            highest_score = myaircraft.score
        # --得分每增加2000我方飞船增加一条生命
        if (myaircraft.score % 2000 == 0) and (myaircraft.score > 0) and (myaircraft.score != myaircraft.old_score):
            myaircraft.old_score = myaircraft.score
            myaircraft.num_life = min(myaircraft.num_life + 1, myaircraft.max_num_life)
        # --敌人都死光了的话就胜利了
        if len(enemies_group) < 1:
            is_win = True
            running = False
        # --显示文字
        # ----当前得分
        showText(screen, 'SCORE: ', cfg.WHITE, font, 200, 8)
        showText(screen, str(myaircraft.score), cfg.WHITE, font, 200, 24)
        # ----敌人数量
        showText(screen, 'ENEMY: ', cfg.WHITE, font, 370, 8)
        showText(screen, str(len(enemies_group)), cfg.WHITE, font, 370, 24)
        # ----历史最高分
        showText(screen, 'HIGHEST: ', cfg.WHITE, font, 540, 8)
        showText(screen, str(highest_score), cfg.WHITE, font, 540, 24)
        # ----FPS
        showText(screen, 'FPS: ' + str(int(clock.get_fps())), cfg.RED, font, 8, 8)
        # --显示剩余生命值
        showLife(screen, myaircraft.num_life, cfg.GREEN)
        pygame.display.update()
        clock.tick(cfg.FPS)
    with open('score', 'w') as f:
        f.write(str(highest_score))
    return is_win


'''主函数'''
def main():
    # 初始化
    pygame.init()
    pygame.display.set_caption('外星人入侵 ')
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
    pygame.mixer.init()
    pygame.mixer.music.load(cfg.BGMPATH)
    pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.4)
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
    while True:
        is_win = startGame(screen)
        endInterface(screen, cfg.BLACK, is_win)


'''run'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

四.cfg

'''配置文件'''
import os

'''一些颜色'''
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GREEN = (50, 250, 5)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
'''FPS'''
FPS = 60
'''背景音乐'''
BGMPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/bgm.mp3')
'''屏幕大小'''
SCREENSIZE = (800, 600)

五.README

# Introduction
https:///s/9UylZkV3sVTQLjThIaVObg

# Environment
```
OS: Windows10
Python: Python3.5+(have installed necessary dependencies)
```

# Usage
```
Step1:
pip install -r requirements.txt
Step2:
run "python Game13.py"
```

# Game Display

requirements：pygame

六.sprites

'''
Function:
    定义精灵类

'''
import sys
import pygame

'''我方飞船类'''
class aircraftSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, color, bullet_color, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 生命值
        self.num_life = 3
        self.max_num_life = 5
        # 最小单元
        self.cell = [3, 3]
        self.num_cols = 15
        self.num_rows = 8
        # 用于碰撞检测
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 550, self.cell[0] * self.num_cols, self.cell[0] * self.num_rows)
        # 填充颜色区域
        self.filled_cells = [7,21,22,23,36,37,38,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119]
        # 飞船颜色
        self.color = color
        # 飞船子弹颜色
        self.bullet_color = bullet_color
        # 子弹是否在冷却中
        self.is_cooling = False
        self.init_count = 35
        self.cooling_count = self.init_count
        # 得分
        self.score = 0
        # 避免重复增加生命值
        self.old_score = -1
        self.resetBoom()
    '''射击'''
    def shot(self):
        if self.is_cooling:
            return None
        self.is_cooling = True
        self.cooling_count = self.init_count
        return myBulletSprite(self.rect.x + self.rect.width // 2, self.rect.y, self.bullet_color)
    '''在屏幕上画出来'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells)):
            y = self.filled_cells[i] // self.num_cols
            x = self.filled_cells[i] % self.num_cols
            rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
    '''更新飞船位置等信息'''
    def update(self, WIDTH):
        # 位置信息
        x = pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] - (self.rect.width // 2)
        if x < 0:
            x = pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0]
        elif x > WIDTH - self.rect.width:
            x = WIDTH - self.rect.width
        self.rect.x = x
        # 子弹信息
        if self.is_cooling:
            self.cooling_count -= 1
            if self.cooling_count == 0:
                self.is_cooling = False
    '''被击中后爆炸'''
    def boom(self, screen):
        self.boomed_rect.x = self.rect.x
        self.boomed_rect.y = self.rect.y
        self.boomed_count += 1
        if self.boomed_count % 1 == 0:
            self.boomed_frame += 1
            for i in range(0, len(self.boomed_filled_cells)):
                y = self.boomed_filled_cells[i] // self.boomed_num_cols
                x = self.boomed_filled_cells[i] % self.boomed_num_cols
                rect = [x * self.boomed_cell[0] + self.boomed_rect[0], y * self.boomed_cell[1] + self.boomed_rect[1], self.boomed_cell[0], self.boomed_cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
        if self.boomed_frame > 4:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    '''重置爆炸所用到的数据'''
    def resetBoom(self):
        # 被击中爆炸时用
        self.one_dead = False
        self.boomed_filled_cells = [3,7,12,15,17,20,24,30,36,40,44,45,53,54,58,62,68,74,78,81,83,86,91,95]
        self.boomed_cell = [3, 3]
        self.boomed_num_cols = 11
        self.boomed_num_rows = 9
        self.boomed_rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.boomed_num_cols*self.boomed_cell[0], self.boomed_num_rows*self.boomed_cell[1])
        # 控制每帧的时间
        self.boomed_count = 0
        # 爆炸特效当前帧
        self.boomed_frame = 0

'''ufo类'''
class ufoSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, color, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 击中该类获得的奖励
        self.reward = 200
        self.color = color
        self.reset()
    '''在屏幕上画出来'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        if self.is_dead:
            return None
        for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells)):
            y = self.filled_cells[i] // self.num_cols
            x = self.filled_cells[i] % self.num_cols
            rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
    '''更新UFO位置等信息'''
    def update(self, WIDTH):
        if self.rect.x + self.rect.width < 0 or self.rect.x > WIDTH:
            self.rect.x += self.low_speed
        else:
            self.rect.x += self.high_speed
        if self.rect.x > WIDTH + 500:
            self.reset()
    '''被击中后爆炸'''
    def boom(self, screen):
        self.boomed_rect.x = self.rect.x
        self.boomed_rect.y = self.rect.y
        self.boomed_count += 1
        if self.boomed_count % 1 == 0:
            self.boomed_frame += 1
            for i in range(0, len(self.boomed_filled_cells)):
                y = self.boomed_filled_cells[i] // self.boomed_num_cols
                x = self.boomed_filled_cells[i] % self.boomed_num_cols
                rect = [x * self.boomed_cell[0] + self.boomed_rect[0], y * self.boomed_cell[1] + self.boomed_rect[1], self.boomed_cell[0], self.boomed_cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
        if self.boomed_frame > 4:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    '''重置'''
    def reset(self):
        self.cell = [3, 3]
        self.num_cols = 16
        self.num_rows = 7
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(-500 - self.num_cols * self.cell[0], 60, self.num_cols * self.cell[0], self.num_rows * self.cell[1])
        self.filled_cells = [5,6,7,8,9,10,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,49,50,52,53,55,56,58,59,61,62,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,82,83,84,87,88,91,92,93,99,108]
        self.low_speed = 1
        self.high_speed = 2
        self.is_dead = False
        # 被击中爆炸时用
        self.has_boomed = False
        self.boomed_filled_cells = [3,7,12,15,17,20,24,30,36,40,44,45,53,54,58,62,68,74,78,81,83,86,91,95]
        self.boomed_cell = [3, 3]
        self.boomed_num_cols = 11
        self.boomed_num_rows = 9
        self.boomed_rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.boomed_num_cols*self.boomed_cell[0], self.boomed_num_rows*self.boomed_cell[1])
        self.boomed_count = 0
        self.boomed_frame = 0

'''敌方类'''
class enemySprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, category, number, color, bullet_color, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.cell = [3, 3]
        # 编号
        self.number = number
        # 种类
        self.category = category
        if category == 'small':
            self.reward = 20
            self.num_cols = 8
            self.num_rows = 8
            self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.num_cols * self.cell[0], self.num_rows * self.cell[1])
            self.filled_cells = [[3,4,10,11,12,13,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,27,28,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,42,45,49,51,52,54,56,58,61,63],
                                 [3,4,10,11,12,13,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,27,28,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,41,43,44,46,48,55,57,62]]
        elif category == 'medium':
            self.reward = 15
            self.num_cols = 11
            self.num_rows = 8
            self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.num_cols * self.cell[0], self.num_rows * self.cell[1])
            self.filled_cells = [[2,8,11,14,18,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,32,33,34,35,37,38,39,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,68,74,78,86],
                                 [2,8,14,18,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,34,35,37,38,39,41,42,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,65,66,68,74,76,80,81,83,84]]
        elif category == 'large':
            self.reward = 10
            self.num_cols = 12
            self.num_rows = 8
            self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.num_cols * self.cell[0], self.num_rows * self.cell[1])
            self.filled_cells = [[4,5,6,7,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,41,42,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,62,63,64,67,68,69,73,74,77,78,81,82,86,87,92,93],
                                 [4,5,6,7,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,41,42,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,63,64,67,68,74,75,77,78,80,81,84,85,94,95]]
        self.color = color
        self.bullet_color = bullet_color
        self.speed = [8, 20]
        self.change_count = 0
        self.change_flag = False
        # 被击中爆炸时用
        self.boomed_filled_cells = [3,7,12,15,17,20,24,30,36,40,44,45,53,54,58,62,68,74,78,81,83,86,91,95]
        self.boomed_cell = [3, 3]
        self.boomed_num_cols = 11
        self.boomed_num_rows = 9
        self.boomed_rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.boomed_num_cols * self.boomed_cell[0], self.boomed_num_rows * self.boomed_cell[1])
        self.boomed_count = 0
        self.boomed_frame = 0
    '''射击'''
    def shot(self):
        return enemyBulletSprite(self.rect.x + self.rect.width // 2, self.rect.y, self.bullet_color)
    '''在屏幕上画出来'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        if self.change_count > 50:
            self.change_count = 0
            self.change_flag = not self.change_flag
        if self.change_flag:
            for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells[0])):
                y = self.filled_cells[0][i] // self.num_cols
                x = self.filled_cells[0][i] % self.num_cols
                rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
        else:
            for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells[1])):
                y = self.filled_cells[1][i] // self.num_cols
                x = self.filled_cells[1][i] % self.num_cols
                rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
    '''更新敌方位置等信息'''
    def update(self, direction, HEIGHT):
        # 用于改变形状
        self.change_count += 1
        # 更新位置信息
        if direction == 'right':
            self.rect.x += self.speed[0]
        elif direction == 'left':
            self.rect.x -= self.speed[0]
        elif direction == 'down':
            self.rect.y += self.speed[1]
        if self.rect.y >= HEIGHT - self.rect.height:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    '''被击中后爆炸'''
    def boom(self, screen):
        self.boomed_rect.x = self.rect.x
        self.boomed_rect.y = self.rect.y
        self.boomed_count += 1
        if self.boomed_count % 1 == 0:
            self.boomed_frame += 1
            for i in range(0, len(self.boomed_filled_cells)):
                y = self.boomed_filled_cells[i] // self.boomed_num_cols
                x = self.boomed_filled_cells[i] % self.boomed_num_cols
                rect = [x * self.boomed_cell[0] + self.boomed_rect[0], y * self.boomed_cell[1] + self.boomed_rect[1], self.boomed_cell[0], self.boomed_cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
        if self.boomed_frame > 4:
            return True
        else:
            return False

'''我方子弹精灵类'''
class myBulletSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, color, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.cell = [2, 2]
        self.num_cols = 1
        self.num_rows = 4
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, self.num_cols * self.cell[0], self.num_rows * self.cell[1])
        self.filled_cells = [0,1,2,3]
        self.speed = 8
        self.color = color
    '''在屏幕上画出来'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells)):
            y = self.filled_cells[i] // self.num_cols
            x = self.filled_cells[i] % self.num_cols
            rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
    '''更新子弹位置等信息'''
    def update(self):
        self.rect.y -= self.speed
        if self.rect.y + self.rect.height < 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False

'''敌方子弹精灵类'''
class enemyBulletSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, color):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.cell = [3, 3]
        self.num_cols = 3
        self.num_rows = 7
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, self.num_cols * self.cell[0], self.num_rows * self.cell[1])
        self.filled_cells = [[0,4,8,10,12,16,20],
                             [2,4,6,10,14,16,18]]
        self.change_count = 0
        self.change_flag = False
        self.speed = 4
        self.color = color
    '''在屏幕上画出来'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        if self.change_count > 2:
            self.change_count = 0
            self.change_flag = not self.change_flag
        if self.change_flag:
            for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells[0])):
                y = self.filled_cells[0][i] // self.num_cols
                x = self.filled_cells[0][i] % self.num_cols
                rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
        else:
            for i in range(0, len(self.filled_cells[1])):
                y = self.filled_cells[1][i] // self.num_cols
                x = self.filled_cells[1][i] % self.num_cols
                rect = [x * self.cell[0] + self.rect[0], y * self.cell[1] + self.rect[1], self.cell[0], self.cell[1]]
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color, rect)
    '''更新子弹位置等信息'''
    def update(self, HEIGHT):
        # 用于改变子弹形状的计数
        self.change_count += 1
        # 位置信息
        self.rect.y += self.speed
        if self.rect.y > HEIGHT:
            return True
        else:
            return False